Ramazanoglu, DoğuKamuran Duran, PelinŞahin, İdrisSubaşı, SerkanMaraşlı, Muhammed2026-03-272026-03-2720262191-16302191-164910.1007/s12668-026-02417-82-s2.0-105033862390https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-026-02417-8https://hdl.handle.net/11501/2671Glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) panels are widely used in architectural and structural applications due to their low weight and design flexibility, but their hydrophilic and porous surfaces are prone to microbial colonization, compromising durability and aesthetics. In this study, GFRC surfaces were functionalized with hydrothermally synthesized chitosan-SnO2-CuO nanohybrids to enhance their physicochemical and antimicrobial properties. Structural and morphological analyses (XRD, SEM, FTIR, BET) confirmed successful nanohybrid incorporation, revealing increased surface area (3.40 to 15.77 m & sup2;/g) and modified chemical bonding. Water contact angle measurements indicated improved hydrophobicity (30.82 degrees to 63.49 degrees), while TGA/DTA showed enhanced thermal stability (final residue 16.9% to 18.07% at 800 degrees C). The nanohybrid coatings exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans, and T. tonsurans, with inhibition zones up to 36 mm and 29 mm at 2-3% additive concentrations. Thermal conductivity increased from 2.44 to 2.82 W/mK, demonstrating multifunctionality. These results highlight the potential of Ch-SnO2-CuO nanohybrid coatings as a robust, multifunctional strategy for producing antimicrobial, thermally stable GFRC surfaces suitable for hygiene-critical environments.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessChitosan–SnO₂–CuO NanohybridsGlass Fiber Reinforced ConcreteHydrothermal CoatingAntimicrobial Surface FunctionalizationWater Contact AngleBET Surface AreaArticle4Q216WOS:001717489800006Q3