Ramazanoğlu, DoğuSubaşı, AzimeMusatat, Ahmad BadreddinDemir, AhmetSubaşı, SerkanMaraşlı, Muhammed2025-04-242025-04-2420250950-061810.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.1412312-s2.0-105002486793https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141231https://hdl.handle.net/11501/2091This study explores SnO₂-based hybrid composite (SnO₂-@) doped glass fiber-reinforced concrete (GFRC) for enhanced dielectric, energy storage, and mechanical performance. Microstructural analysis confirmed SnO₂-@ promotes ettringite and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) formation, improving matrix integrity. Aged samples exhibited a 650 % increase in surface roughness (Ra) and over 200 % higher Leeb hardness, demonstrating durability. Dielectric spectroscopy revealed frequency-dependent tunability: 1 % SnO₂-@ achieved a peak dielectric constant (ε' = 130 at 10 kHz), shifting to ε' = 140 at 100 kHz for 2–3 % doping. AC conductivity surged by 60 %, correlating with SnO₂-@-induced interfacial polarization and charge mobility. Energy storage capacity improved significantly, attributed to optimized dipole alignment and reduced leakage currents. Color stability remained robust (ΔE* ≤ 2.8 post-aging), ensuring aesthetic viability. These results position SnO₂-@-doped GFRC as a multifunctional material for smart infrastructure, integrating structural resilience, adaptive dielectric properties, and energy storage potential for next-generation urban applications.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessCapacitorDielectric PropertiesEnergy StorageGlass Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) SnO2-Based Hybrid Composite (SnO2-@)ArticleQ1476