Ramazanoğlu, DoğuSubaşı, SerkanMaraşlı, Muhammed2024-12-052024-12-0520240950-061810.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.1392802-s2.0-85209954503https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139280https://hdl.handle.net/11501/1575This study examines the impact of the Ch-TiO2-CuO nanohybrid composite on the surface properties and antimicrobial effects of Glass fiber-reinforced concrete (GFRC) panels. GFRC panels are known for their durability and aesthetic compatibility, making them suitable for exterior facades and historic restoration work. However, their porosity and hydrophilic nature make them susceptible to microbial colonization, affecting their durability and visual appeal. To address this, antimicrobial nanohybrid crystals (Ch-TiO2-CuO) were developed using a hydrothermal method and incorporated into GFRC panels. This integration offers significant advantages, including reduced maintenance, long-term structural integrity, and preserved aesthetic properties. Additionally, this approach aligns with sustainability goals by enhancing the environmental friendliness of GFRC over its lifetime. The study concludes that incorporating antimicrobial agents into GFRC production supports smart city initiatives by providing long-term protection against microbial degradation while maintaining aesthetic standards, thus contributing to cleaner, safer urban environments.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessAntimicrobialCh-TiO2-CuO NanohybridGFRC PanelsHydrothermal SynthesisLong-Term ProtectionSmart City İnitiativesArticleQ1456