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    Analiyizing the effect of rain on the stability of a slope in Iraq
    (İstanbul Gedik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2024) Al Isawi, Sarah Ghalib Faraj; Namlı, Mücahit
    Rainfall-induced slope collapses are a destructive global natural hazard that occurs annually during rainy seasons worldwide. Recently, there has been a significant escalation in the intensity of rainfall in Iraq, resulting in floods that have caused slope collapses. The rainfall infiltration causes a decrease in the soil's matric suction and shear strength, ultimately leading to the instability of roadway slopes. The intensity and duration of rainfall mainly cause soil slope stability concerns. The behavior of unsaturated soil varies based on the soil type in response to different rainfall events. This research uses the finite element technique (PLAXIS 2D 2020) for slope stability analysis to examine the impact of various rainfall features on slope in Iraq. The soil in this study was simulated using the Mohr-Coulomb model, and the Hardening Soil model was also applied, and the resulting results were compared. The slope was chosen located in Najaf Governorate in southern Iraq. Rainfall events were identified from 1979 to 2014 and at return periods of (2, 15, 100) years. Based on published statistical studies of rainfall data. The model was analyzed under the influence of rainfall at different intensities with a constant time (12,21,28) mm/hr and different periods and constant intensity. The models' results showed that the affected by rainfall, safety factor decreased clearly by (15%). The study found that rainfall intensity significantly reduced the safety factor. Rainfall for a specific period and with variable intensity led to deformations in the slope soil. In contrast, an upward movement happened for the entire slope when exposed to rain with different temporal intensities. To compare the behavior of Hardening Soil model for simulating rainfall with the behavior of Mohr-Coulomb model, rainfall was simulated for the slope by applying the Hardening Soil model. The convergence of the safety factor was similar between the Mohr-Coulomb model and the application of the Hardening Soil model when the impact of rainfall was not included. There is a decrease in the safety factor for both Mohr-Coulomb model and Hardening Soil model under the influence of rainfall. However, the decrease in the safety factor for Hardening Soil model is more significant. When Hardening Soil model is applied to the model, the safety factor decreases by 35% for a rain intensity of 12 mm/hr and by approximately the same percentage for a 21 mm/hr rain intensity. The safety factor decreased by (40%) for a 28 mm/hr rainfall intensity. The behavior of the Hardening Soil model in analyzing the effect of rainfall with different rain intensities on the deformations is logical, as it showed the occurrence of settlement and upward movements in the slope. It is recommended to use the Hardening Soil model (HSM) to study the effect of rainfall on the factor of safety and displacement in PLAXIS 2D software.