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    Analyzing traffic accident trends and correlations in Iraq: an investigative statistical approach
    (American Institute of Physics, 2025) Hassooni, Dhuha Khalid; Ghasemlounia, Redvan; Hilal, Miami Mohammed; Al-Saffar, Zaid Hazim; Mohammed, Ghufran Taha
    Traffic accidents are for two reasons, human-related and road-related structural behavior, two of which are in need of investigation. Herewith, this study embarks on an analysis of the dynamics of traffic accidents within Iraq, with a pronounced emphasis on statistical analyses concerning Baghdad, the capital city which is bearing the highest accident rates. An expansive dataset encompassing 10959 traffic incidents recorded over the year 2022 is utilized with this paper examining the distribution and nature of road accidents alongside the resultant degrees of injury. Through the deployment of Histograms and Q-Q Plots, the research confirms the normality of the data, paving the way for subsequent Pearson Correlation and ANOVA tests. These statistical methodologies reveal moderate, yet statistically insignificant, correlations between the nature of accidents and the characteristics of roads, with an F-statistic of 0.247 indicating no substantial effect of accident nature on the type of roads within Baghdad. Notably, the analysis extends to gender-referenced mortality records and root cause analyses that highlight significant seasonal fluctuations in accident occurrences, as well as pivotal gender disparities in road traffic incidents. The city-based accident records, detailed distributions of traffic accidents by nature, degree of injury, and recent accident trends, alongside statistical test visualizations, collectively underpin the analytical discourse. In conclusion, the paper asserts the critical necessity for targeted interventions and policy reforms aimed at mitigating these identified trends and contributing to the broader objective of enhancing road safety in Iraq.