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    Analyzing traffic accident trends and correlations in Iraq: an investigative statistical approach
    (American Institute of Physics, 2025) Hassooni, Dhuha Khalid; Ghasemlounia, Redvan; Hilal, Miami Mohammed; Al-Saffar, Zaid Hazim; Mohammed, Ghufran Taha
    Traffic accidents are for two reasons, human-related and road-related structural behavior, two of which are in need of investigation. Herewith, this study embarks on an analysis of the dynamics of traffic accidents within Iraq, with a pronounced emphasis on statistical analyses concerning Baghdad, the capital city which is bearing the highest accident rates. An expansive dataset encompassing 10959 traffic incidents recorded over the year 2022 is utilized with this paper examining the distribution and nature of road accidents alongside the resultant degrees of injury. Through the deployment of Histograms and Q-Q Plots, the research confirms the normality of the data, paving the way for subsequent Pearson Correlation and ANOVA tests. These statistical methodologies reveal moderate, yet statistically insignificant, correlations between the nature of accidents and the characteristics of roads, with an F-statistic of 0.247 indicating no substantial effect of accident nature on the type of roads within Baghdad. Notably, the analysis extends to gender-referenced mortality records and root cause analyses that highlight significant seasonal fluctuations in accident occurrences, as well as pivotal gender disparities in road traffic incidents. The city-based accident records, detailed distributions of traffic accidents by nature, degree of injury, and recent accident trends, alongside statistical test visualizations, collectively underpin the analytical discourse. In conclusion, the paper asserts the critical necessity for targeted interventions and policy reforms aimed at mitigating these identified trends and contributing to the broader objective of enhancing road safety in Iraq.
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    Performance of ECC mortar containing limestone powder as a full replacement of fine aggregate
    (American Institute of Physics, 2025) Mohammed, Ghufran Taha; Abed, Jasim Mohammed; Hassooni, Dhuha Khalid
    Limestone powder (LP), derived from marble dust and stone waste, was utilized as a sand substitute in engineering cement compounds (ECC). This readily available material is a by-product of industrial waste from local quarries and stone cutting, and it was sourced from Mosul factories for this research. The study aimed to fully replace the fine aggregate in ECC with LP. Experimental findings demonstrated that LP had an impact on the hardening and drying process, resulting in longer drying and hardening times. Consequently, there was a decrease in the initial compressive and tensile strength. However, the use of finer LP compensated for this effect. Seven mixtures were tested with varying LP/PC (Portland Cement) replacement ratios (0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 3.5). The best results were obtained with mixture M5. The addition of LP led to an increase in compressive strength, with values reaching up to 32.40 MPa at 28 days. Finer LP particles further enhanced this effect. Conversely, increasing the LP/PC replacement ratio resulted in a reduction in tensile strength due to the higher water-cement ratio. The tempering effect contributed to an enhancement of 3.92 MPa in tensile strength. The incorporation of LP significantly reduced the environmental impact by decreasing the demand for natural resources. The use of limestone in the ECC mortar gave good results for tests of the mechanical properties of the mortar, as this is considered a viable option for use in building, construction, and repair operations. It is recommended that further improvements, research, and studies be conducted to improve the formulations and types of such alternative mortar.