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    Electrospun PVA/CS/HA/BA nanofiber scaffolds with enhanced mechanical stability and antifungal activity for bone tissue engineering
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2026) Yavuz, Yağızer; Kartal, İlyas; Cesur, Sümeyye; Kanlı, Zehra; Kaya, Elif; Tinaz, Gülgün; Gündüz, Oğuzhan
    In this study, we created multifunctional bone tissue engineering scaffolds that combine prophylactic antifungal action with structural support. We produced PVA/CS/HA/BA nanofiber matrices via a specifically designed electrospinning technique to stop early cross-linking. Through SEM, our examination of fiber shape revealed diameters ranging from 178 +/- 53 nm to 330 +/- 69 nm. We discovered that this variation was closely correlated with the Boric Acid (BA) level. Our EDS and FTIR studies further showed that HA and BA were effectively mixed, with a specific focus on the production of borate-ester linkages inside the network. Mechanical examination revealed that 0.25 wt.% BA maximizes the tensile strength at 9.15 MPa, thereby closely matching HA-reinforced standards, while HA incorporation improved thermal stability. Moreover, in vitro hFOB experiments showed sustained cytocompatibility at 0.25 wt.% BA. While 0.5 wt.% BA showed strong antifungal action against Candida albicans, it sadly harmed cell viability. The 0.25 wt.% BA concentration ultimately offers a better balance between mechanical integrity and antibacterial action, therefore presenting a potential method for scaffold generation for bone regeneration in immunocompromised patients.