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    Why Africa is undeveloped continent even they have abundance resources: a case study on Angola
    (İstanbul Gedik Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2025) Latif, Hafiza Iqra; Atatüre, Süha
    Africa is home to a vast wealth of natural resources, including oil, minerals, and arable land, yet the continent remains underdeveloped and struggles with widespread poverty, inequality, and economic instability. This paradox, often referred to as the "resource curse," has been a central issue in debates about Africa's development. This thesis seeks to explore the reasons why Africa, despite its abundant resources, has not achieved sustainable development, with a particular focus on Angola as a case study. Angola, one of the largest oil producers in Africa, has immense natural wealth but continues to face significant challenges in translating this wealth into broad-based economic growth and development. Through a comprehensive examination of Angola's political, economic, and social dynamics, this research identifies key factors that contribute to its underdevelopment. The thesis investigates the over-reliance on oil exports, the detrimental effects of corruption and poor governance, barriers to economic diversification, and deficits in infrastructure and human capital. Additionally, it considers external factors such as the global economic environment, foreign debt, and foreign direct investment flows, which further limit the country's ability to achieve sustainable development. Drawing on both qualitative and quantitative research, including case studies, government reports, and scholarly articles, the thesis argues that Angola's development challenges are deeply rooted in historical legacies, institutional weaknesses, and systemic mismanagement of natural resources. It also highlights the critical role of governance, institutional reform, and economic diversification in breaking the cycle of underdevelopment. The findings of this thesis contribute to a broader understanding of Africa's resource curse and offer policy recommendations for Angola and other resource-rich African nations on how to harness their resources effectively for long-term, inclusive, and sustainable development.