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    Site suitability in water harvesting management using remote sensing data and gGIS techniques: a case study of Sulaimaniyah province, Iraq
    (İstanbul Gedik Üniversitesi, 2021) Noori, Shaho Khorsheed; Ghasemlounia, Redvan
    The human-induced water use changes are likely to decrease the supply of water, and climate change effects have impartially led to long-term drought, water shortages and some casual flood incidents have impacted the northern region of Iraq over the past few decades greatly. The first has had a negative effect and appears to be a concern across the large variety of regions in the area. However, the latter often occurs in winter due to heavy snow and lack of sufficient dams and artificial drainage. Both issues in this area cause socio-economic harm. To solve this dilemma, water resources management has become important. Also, groundwater is a valuable natural supply, particularly for the arid and semi- arid areas, for consumption, domestic, animal use and irrigation. The objective of the study is to define appropriate sites for rainwater harvesting in the governorate of Sulaimaniyah, Iraqi Kurdistan region. Using geographic information system (GIS) techniques and a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). From here, we clarify some of the key points of this approach of selecting suitable areas for water harvesting through remote sensing (RS) and GIS using global maps and rainfall data. Each factor assigned their weight depending on its effect, such as runoff, slope, soil composition, vegetation and bare land then the best places to harvest water will be selected. Water always store in the reservoirs or in the built dams over the land and it has a lot of benefits, changing the idea to choose this method for harvesting water beneath the earth because it doesn't require a lot of space and it will decrease the evaporation and climate changes losses. As well, the failure ratio is very little or non-existent during the earthquakes or natural disasters and it will not effect on the adjacent area and is not threatened during the battle. The geographical information system is used to make multi-criteria assessments to assist decision-makers in finding appropriate areas for rainwater storage. For multi-criteria assessment, attention was given to slope, soil texture, rainfall data (2009-2019), drainage density and land use/ land cover. In our study, only the contributing factors have been used as a subject in the model. Five factors were selected upon on literature review, to identify the best place for water harvesting. The number and weight of each factor in the sample depends on the number and percentage of each factor used in the papers examined. These considerations were prioritized: The potential runoff of the soil is calculated using the soil conservation service curve number SCS-CN equation. Because the importance of one layer over another layer exists, it is necessary to analyze it. Land use/ cover was derived from LANDSAT satellite imaging remote sensing techniques (2014). For each criterion, the weight estimated. The analytical hierarchy (AHP) method is one of the decision-making processes with many parameters that culminate in a relative value percentage. AHP model consists of three levels of purpose, The optimum position for the storing of water, the parameters used and the alternatives. The relative value calculated by AHP for the creation of appropriate sites is implemented in the GIS overlay process. Suitability is categorized into three categories: "Suitability Level 1" and "Suitability Level 2" representing holding reservoirs, stop dams and check dams. This mapping helps to identify a potential spot in the basin for water storage. The average region that is outstanding and very well suited for water collection is 61% of the area, where 11% are fairly suited, while 28% are badly and marginally appropriate.