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    Effects of Physical Activity and Massage Therapy on Sleep Disorders Among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2024) Ekradi, Samaneh; Shahrbanian, Shahnaz; Todd, Teri; Hassani, Fahimeh
    BackgroundSleep disturbances are common for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and can have detrimental effects. Sleep disturbances may negatively impact the general well-being and quality of life of children.ObjectivesThe purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effect of physical activity (PA) interventions and massage therapy (MT) on sleep disturbances in children with ASD.MethodsWe reviewed empirical research focusing on the effect of PA and MT on sleep-related variables published from inception to January 2023. Five electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, PsycInfo, and Web of Science) were included in the search. Outcomes included sleep efficiency, sleep-onset latency, sleep duration, sleep behavior, and sleep quality. PEDro and McMaster's scales were used to assess the quality of included studies.ResultsThe search yielded a total of 20 studies meeting all inclusion criteria. Fifteen studies related to the effects of PA and five studies related to the effects of MT on sleep disorders in children with ASD. The total number of participants was 511.ConclusionPA and MT have beneficial effects on sleep efficiency, sleep-onset latency, wake after sleep onset, and sleep quality. In addition, aquatic exercise and swimming were found to be particularly effective in improving sleep in children with ASD.
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    Physical activity for children with autism spectrum disorder during COVID-19 pandemic
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Shahrbanian, Shahnaz; Kateb, Meysam Yavari; Doyle-Baker, Patricia K.; Hassani, Fahimeh
    In December 2019, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China that culminated in a serious pandemic condition. Physical distancing restrictions were a significant component of the public health emergency response to the COVID-19 pandemic. For children and youth, these restrictions included safety measures that impacted daily activities related to physical activity (PA) participation worldwide. Preliminary evidence suggests that in children with special needs such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), COVID-19 restrictions may have disproportionally led to reduced levels of PA. The aim of this study was to review the benefits of PA for children with ASD and suggest Home PA Program examples for Children with ASD during COVID-19 pandemic and the quarantine time.