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    Evaluation of thermodynamic analysis of solar energy systems integrated into sustainable buildings with artificial neural network: a case study
    (Elsevier B.V., 2019) Tolon, Fahriye Enda; Karabuga, Arif; Tolon, Mert; Utlu, Zafer
    With the increasing concern on the environment and climate change, scientists focused on the way in which new structures, especially in the field of energy. In this sense, the concept of sustainable buildings is developing day by day in terms of energy efficiency. The sustainable building concept identifies five objectives which are resource efficiency, energy efficiency, prevention of pollution, harmonization with the environment; and also using integrated and systemic approaches. To increase energy efficiency in buildings, the integration of Solar Energy Systems into buildings attaches importance in terms of sustainable engineering designs. Evacuated Tube Heat Pipe (ETHP) solar energy systems are also noteworthy in this regard. This paper presents the results of an experimental study that is an ETHP solar collector system. ETHP systems are an alternative solar energy system to low-efficiency planary collectors. Only water was used to avoid losses in the heat transfer from the fluid to the fluid. Water is inserted in the vacuum tube in order to improve the rate of heat transfer, such that the mode of heat transfer from the inner surface of the vacuum tube to the heat pipe becomes convection via the water, as well as conduction through the installed. The exergy efficiency of the ETHP system was calculated as 32.94%. For a long time, artificial neural networks (ANN) have been widely applied in energy efficiency for modeling and optimization of various processes. In the field of processing, recent studies confirm the validity and effectiveness of using ANNs as promising and most powerful computer modeling techniques. Within the scope of this study, exergy efficiency was evaluated on the developed Artificial Neural Network algorithm. The effect rates of parameters such as pressure, temperature, and ambient temperature affecting exergy efficiency were calculated. Finally, significant findings obtained were evaluated in terms of thermodynamics rules.
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    Supply chain network carbon footprint of forest biomass to biorefinery
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2021) Tolon, Fahriye Enda; Karaosmanoğlu, Filiz
    Forests are capable of carbon sinks or act as carbon sources. Woody (forest) biomass is considered as carbon-neutral by combustion of the biomass if the source comes from sustainable forests. From forests to end-user supply chain management of forest biomass has its complexities due to bulk density and uneven distribution. However, beyond that, an integrated approach to biomass supply chain network considers the elements of each stage. Although numerous studies have investigated greenhouse gases causing carbon footprint of biomass energy supply systems, the main points of the studies often differ. Besides, research that focuses on forest biomass supply chain is minimal. Therefore, this study describes the entire carbon footprint of forest biomass to biorefinery supply chain network in total. Characteristics of raw material harvest method, differences in processing, storage method, transport type, and distance give rise to differences in the carbon footprint of the forest biomass supply chain. Briefly, this study shows us the potential of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, focusing on the key variables such as harvesting and transportation forest biomass supply chain network. Thus, the biorefinery end products add value in low carbon economy which then helps and the biorefinery products to become greener.