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Öğe Investigation of the network made with the complementary motor of the thalamus with the DTI method in individuals with tinnitus(Kare Publishing, 2024) Elpen Karyemez, Pınar; Yağımlı, Mustafa; Tozan, HakanObjectives:This This study aimed to investigate the differences in the networks between the thalamus and the supplementary motor area in brain MRI examinations of individuals with subjective chronic tinnitus and healthy control groups. Methods: In the study, brain MRI imaging was performed on 47 patients suffering from bilateral tinnitus for two years or more and 42 healthy individuals. The tensor information obtained using the diffusion tensor imaging sequence data obtained from both groups was processed in the DSI Studio program. Brain connection maps were obtained from the data obtained. Quantitative information of the individual connecogram maps of each case was recorded and the groups were compared. Results: In the tinnitus group, there is an increase in the pathways between the thalamus and the supplementary motor area. In addition, it was determined that the pathways of the thalamus with the hippocampus, superior and middle occipital area and frontal area increased, and the pathways with the hippocampus and cerebellum decreased. Conclusion: Important functions of the supplementary motor area and thalamus; These are cognitive actions in which attention plays an important role, such as noticing the stimulus from the environment, planning and implementing the response action. It is thought that changes in the pathways between the thalamus and the supplementary motor area will especially affect attention-related functions.Öğe Analysis and evaluation of quality parameters of commercial propolis products using a new high Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method and Comparison of antimicrobial properties(Elsevier Inc., 2024) Karagül, Bora; Uğraş, Serpil; Karagül, Pınar; Usta, Mehtap; Uğraş, Halil İbrahimPropolis, which has an important place in functional foods, is a natural bee product with high biological active value and is consumed in different formulations and packages worldwide. Thanks to the active compounds it contains, propolis shows biological properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoal, antitumoral, antiulcer and anti-inflammatory. However, it is seen that propolis supplements are prepared unconsciously in the market. Such commercial products need to be standardized. Within the scope of this study, characteristic compounds of Turkish propolis were initially determined with support from the literature. Subsequently, bioactive components of 23 commercial propolis products were analyzed using the new HPLC method. Then, the flavonoid content and antimicrobial activity of the samples were determined. According to the results of these analyses, the amounts of Caffeic Acid (2,16-1620,57 ppm, Quercetin (0,19-203,99 ppm), Apigenin (0,30-319,08 ppm), Kaempferol (0,56-251,15 ppm), Chrysin (3,97-2830,93 ppm), and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (13,08-9666,48 ppm) were found to be quite different. The highest flavonoid content was measured as P2: 20847,43 mg/L and the lowest was 00003,10 mg/L in sample P13. Samples prepared for children were found to be highly diluted in terms of content. Again, it was determined that the samples with high preservation of active ingredients were products with production certificates based on laboratory analyzes. The samples were generally found to have inhibition activity against Gram (+) bacteria. Propolis samples P6 and P22 showed high activity against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria and even fungi. When we evaluated some products that are insufficient in terms of content and antimicrobial activity, it was observed that antimicrobial activity increased depending on the other auxiliary chemicals used in the products. In this context, propolis products, which are very valuable in terms of health, may lose their real activity due to uncontrolled production and will gradually be devalued in the market. It is important that this valuable product should be produced and offered to the market with the necessary analysis methods without losing its effectiveness.
