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Comparison of the mechanical properties and drilling performance of the AISI 316 parts produced with casting, LPBF and WAAM
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Kocaman, Engin; Köklü, Uğur; Morkavuk, Sezer; Coşkun, Mert; Koçar, Oğuz; Dilibal, Savaş; Gürol, Uğur
AISI 316 stainless steel parts are widely utilized in many industrial fields with a vast scope of applications. These steel parts, which are used in many fields, can be produced using different production methods, but the mechanical properties of the parts produced with different processes may be different, and the machinability characteristics will also be different. In this study, the drilling machinability characteristics of AISI 316 stainless steel parts manufactured via cast, LPBF and WAAM methods were experimentally investigated and compared considering thrust force generation, burr analysis and chip morphology. In order to clarify the differences in machinability behavior among the tested samples, the corresponding microstructure, microhardness and mechanical strength (yield strength, UTS and elongation) were also examined in detail. The experimental results showed the manufacturing method, and particularly cooling rate, significantly affecting the microstructure, mechanical response and further machinability characteristics; besides, due to higher cutting forces generation, the machinability of the parts produced by additive manufacturing methods (LPBF and WAAM) is more difficult compared to the parts produced by conventional manufacturing methods (cast and cast-HT).
Mechanical and ballistic performance of high-hardness armor steels welded with ASS-LHF sandwich joint design
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Gürol, Uğur; Çelik, Ceren; Çoban, Ozan; Göçmen, Müesser; Koçak, Mustafa
Armor steels are widely recognized for their exceptional mechanical and ballistic performance, particularly in the fabrication of armored vehicles. Austenitic stainless steel (ASS) wires are commonly used in their welding processes to mitigate hydrogen-induced cracking. However, joints formed using ASS often suffer from reduced ballistic performance due to the strength mismatch (undermatching) compared to the base material. This study explores the application of butt joints, integrating low hydrogen ferritic (LHF) deposits between softer ASS weld layers, which can be expressed as sandwich layer design, in gas metal arc welded (GMAW) armor steel plates. The mechanical properties were evaluated through hardness, tensile, and Charpy V-notch impact tests. Ballistics test performances were measured using depth of penetration (DoP) and width of penetration (WoP) values. The microstructural analysis utilized stereo, optical, and scanning electron microscopes. The results demonstrated that the sandwich joint configuration met the Charpy-V impact toughness requirements of the base metal, achieving 31.4 J and 65 J at −40 °C for the WM and HAZ regions, respectively, compared to 20 J for the base material. Moreover, this innovative joint design effectively combined the high toughness and ductility of austenitic wire, reaching a low DoP value of 7.2 mm, with the superior strength of ferritic filler metal, which contributes to a low WoP value of 12.5 mm and a joint efficiency of 48 %. By combining these properties, the joint design significantly enhances ballistic performance in welded regions, traditionally considered vulnerable to ballistic threats, without compromising overall mechanical integrity.
Effect of post-deposition heat treatments on high-temperature wear and corrosion behavior of Inconel 625
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Kocaman, Engin; Gürol, Uğur; Günen, Ali; Çam, Gürel
This study uses the arc-directed energy deposition method to fabricate and heat treatment of a Ni-based Inconel 625 wall structure. Heat treatment involved solution treatment at 980°C with and without aging at 720°C, comparing results to the as-built condition. The effects of these heat treatments were analyzed through microstructural investigations, nanoindentation tests, and high-temperature wear and corrosion tests in 0.5 M NaCl and 0.5 M HCl solutions. In the as-built state, the Inconel 625 alloy exhibited a columnar dendritic structure predominantly composed of a gamma matrix along with Laves phase and MC carbides. Solution treatment dissolved the Nb-rich Laves phases and encouraged the formation of needle-like particles in regions with high Nb segregation, while also reducing voids and minimizing corrosion susceptibility along grain boundaries. This resulted in the formation of a uniform oxide layer on the surface, significantly enhancing wear and corrosion resistance. Both heat-treated samples showed improvements in mechanical ratios such as H/E, H³/E², and H²/2E in the WAAM-produced Inconel 625 alloy, resulting in a 67 % enhancement in wear resistance compared to the as-built sample. Corrosion tests also revealed that solution treated samples showed the highest corrosion resistance, followed by aged treatment and as-built samples, respectively. In conclusion, this study provides a thorough understanding of the substantial impact of heat treatments on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of Inconel 625, offering valuable insights for advancements in the field.
Innovative surface improvement of GFRC using hydrothermally produced Ch-TiO2-CuO nanohybrid composite additives
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Ramazanoğlu, Doğu; Subaşı, Serkan; Maraşlı, Muhammed
This study examines the impact of the Ch-TiO2-CuO nanohybrid composite on the surface properties and antimicrobial effects of Glass fiber-reinforced concrete (GFRC) panels. GFRC panels are known for their durability and aesthetic compatibility, making them suitable for exterior facades and historic restoration work. However, their porosity and hydrophilic nature make them susceptible to microbial colonization, affecting their durability and visual appeal. To address this, antimicrobial nanohybrid crystals (Ch-TiO2-CuO) were developed using a hydrothermal method and incorporated into GFRC panels. This integration offers significant advantages, including reduced maintenance, long-term structural integrity, and preserved aesthetic properties. Additionally, this approach aligns with sustainability goals by enhancing the environmental friendliness of GFRC over its lifetime. The study concludes that incorporating antimicrobial agents into GFRC production supports smart city initiatives by providing long-term protection against microbial degradation while maintaining aesthetic standards, thus contributing to cleaner, safer urban environments.
Study of the problem of one-dimensional flow of homogenous fluids in fractal porous media
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Aliyev, Nihan; Rasulov, Mahir; Sinsoysal, Bahaddin
In this paper, for the first time the exact solution in the form of Mittag-Leffler series for the initial-boundary problem of the fractional differential equation is obtained expressing the process of one-dimensional motion in porous medium with complex permeability homogeneous fluid to gallery. The obtained result permits the theoretical calculations in the process of exploitation of oil fields with a fractal nature.
Could DTI unlock the mystery of subjective tinnitus: it's time for parameters that go a little out of the routine
(Springer, 2024) Yılmaz, Eren; Yıldırım, Düzgün; Tekcan Şanlı, Deniz Esin; Elpen, Pınar; Gösterişli Tüzüner, Filiz; Gökmen İnan, Neslihan; Şirin, Ahmet; Yağımlı, Mustafa; Tozan, Hakan; Şanlı, Ahmet Necati; Kandemirli, Sedat Giray
In this study, it was aimed to assess the microstructural changes in the main central auditory pathway in cases with subjective tinnitus. In total, 101 subjects (52 cases with bilateral subjective non-pulsatile tinnitus and 49 healthy cases as the control group) were included in the study. Participants underwent pure tone audiogram and Diffusion Tensor Imaging-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DTI-MRI) examination with a 3 Tesla MRI device. The number of tracts, tract length, volume, and quantitative anisotropy (QA) and normalized quantitative anisotropy' (nQA) values were calculated by plotting cochleocortical pathways from the cochlear nerve to ipsilateral and contralateral Heschl's gyrus (HG). In pure tone audiometry, the control group had lower hearing thresholds than cases with tinnitus. Fibres and nQA values from the right cochlear nerve to the right HG were significantly lower in the tinnitus group than in the control group. Cochlear nuclei voxel counts were significantly decreased in the tinnitus group. Both cochlear nucleus volumes were higher in the tinnitus group than in the control group. nQA values in both cochlear nuclei were decreased in the tinnitus group. This study showed that the most commonly affected part in subjective non-pulsatile tinnitus cases is the cochlear nucleus. Therefore, the cochlear nucleus should be evaluated more carefully in cases presenting with subjective tinnitus.
Additively manufactured continuous processing reactor system for producing liquid-based pharmaceutical substances
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Khabiyev, Alibek; Dilibal, Savaş; Mussulmanbekova, Assel; Kanapiya, Magzhan; Kerimkulov, Daniyar
In this study, an AM-based continuous processing reactor system was designed, manufactured, and assembled on a laboratory scale for the generation of pharmaceutical substances with an improved process control. The developed AM-based (additively manufactured) continuous pharmaceutical reactor system for the synthesis of metronidazole derivatives aimed to optimize both the physical and the chemical processes with time savings. Using AM, we were able to build reactor subcomponents with complex designs and precise dimensions, which facilitated the precise control of the reaction parameters and reduced the amount of chemicals required compared to macroscale reactors. The assembly of the whole reactor system consisted of main reactor bodies, mixers, valves, heat exchangers, electrical motors, and a microcontroller system. The assembled reactor system revealed a continuous flow of reagents and ensured uniform mixing and reaction conditions, thereby increasing the process efficiency and product quality. Five metronidazole derivatives were synthesized via two continuous processes, involving metronidazole reduction and its subsequent reactions with terephthalic aldehyde and anthracen-9(10H)-one to form Schiff bases. The optimal conditions were determined as follows: compound A (72% yield, 120 min, 55 °C), compounds B and C (63% and 68% yield, respectively, 8 h, 65 °C), and compounds D and E (74% and 85% yield, respectively, 8 h, 45 °C).
Afghan women are under threat from the Taliban: a great test of the Turkish government and the courts
(Oxford University Press, 2024) Kaya, Hülya
This article examines how Türkiye evaluates the protection requirements of Afghan women fleeing from persecution in Afghanistan. It considers whether Türkiye grants refugee status to Afghan women as members of a 'particular social group' or on other Refugee Convention grounds. It analyses the jurisprudence of Türkiye's Administrative Courts and Regional Administrative Courts concerning international protection claims lodged by Afghan women between August 2021 and June 2023 to determine whether Türkiye follows a gender-sensitive interpretation of the Refugee Convention and respects the principle of non-refoulement.
Search for high-mass exclusive diphoton production with tagged protons in proton-proton collisions at Formula Presented
(American Physical Society, 2024) Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Andrejkovic, J. W.; Bergauer, T.; Chatterjee, S.; Damanakis, K.; Dragicevic, M.
A search is presented for high-mass exclusive diphoton production via photon-photon fusion in proton-proton collisions at Formula Presented in events where both protons survive the interaction. The analysis utilizes data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of Formula Presented collected in 2016-2018 with the central CMS detector and the CMS and TOTEM precision proton spectrometer (PPS). Events that have two photons with high transverse momenta (Formula Presented), back-to-back in azimuth, and with a large diphoton invariant mass (Formula Presented) are selected. To remove the dominant inclusive diphoton backgrounds, the kinematic properties of the protons detected in PPS are required to match those of the central diphoton system. Only events having opposite-side forward protons detected with a fractional momentum loss between 0.035 and 0.15 (0.18) for the detectors on the negative (positive) side of CMS are considered. One exclusive diphoton candidate is observed for an expected background of 1.1 events. Limits at 95% confidence level are derived for the four-photon anomalous coupling parameters Formula Presented and Formula Presented, using an effective field theory. Additionally, upper limits are placed on the production of axionlike particles with coupling strength to photons Formula Presented that varies from Formula Presented to Formula Presented over the mass range from 500 to 2000 GeV.
Developing a novel hybrid model based on deep neural networks and discrete wavelet transform algorithm for prediction of daily air temperature
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Ghasemlounia, Redvan; Gharehbaghi, Amin; Ahmadi, Farshad; Albaji, Mohammad
The precise predicting of air temperature has a significant influence in many sectors such as agriculture, industry, modeling environmental processes. In this work, to predict the mean daily time series air temperature in Mu & gbreve;la city (AT(m)), Turkey, initially, five different layer structures of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) deep learning-based neural network models through the seq2seq regression forecast module are developed. Then, based on performance evaluation metrics, an optimal DL-based layer network structure designed is chosen to hybridize with the wavelet transform (WT) algorithm (i.e., WT-DNN model) to enhance the estimation capability. In this direction, among potential meteorological variables considered, the average daily sunshine duration (SSD) (hours), total global solar radiation (TGSR) (kw. hour/m(2)), and total global insolation intensity (TGSI) (watt/m(2)) from Jan 2014 to Dec 2019 are picked as the most effective input variables through correlation analysis to predict AT(m). To thwart overfitting and underfitting problems, different algorithm tuning along with trial-and-error procedures through diverse types of hyper-parameters are performed. Consistent with the performance evaluation standards, comparison plots, and Total Learnable Parameters (TLP) value, the state-of-the-art and unique proposed hybrid WT-(LSTM x GRU) model (i.e., hybrid WT with the coupled version of LSTM and GRU models via Multiplication layer (x)) is confirmed as the best model developed. This hybrid model under the ideal hyper-parameters resulted in an R-2 = 0.94, an RMSE = 0.56 (degrees C), an MBE = -0.5 (degrees C), AICc = -382.01, and a running time of 376 (s) in 2000 iterations. Nonetheless, the standard single LSTM layer network model as benchmark model resulted in an R-2 = 0.63, an RMSE = 4.69 (degrees C), an MBE = -0.89 (degrees C), AICc = 1021.8, and a running time of 186 (s) in 2000 iterations.
Experimental investigation on waam-based functional hardfacing bimetallic part
(Technical Faculty in Bor, 2024) Akpınar, D. E.; Dilibal, Savaş; Gürol, Uğur
In the traditional production of functional bimetallic parts with hard surfaces, the materials for the hard surfaces are usually applied to a base metal, a process that is often complex, costly, and time-consuming. In this paper, the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) process is proposed as an alternative approach for the production of functional bimetallic parts with hardfacing wire to increase wear resistance. In this study, the hard-facing bimetallic part was fabricated by depositing Hardcor 600 G hardfacing wire onto the deposited 316L Si austenitic stainless steel. After the initial visual inspection and digital X-ray tests, the hardness distribution and macro- and microstructural examinations were carried out. In the subsequent analyses, tensile and Charpy V-notch tests were carried out on the samples taken from the manufactured bimetallic part. The mechanical properties of the functional hard-facing bimetallic parts showed different properties of the bimetallic part, with the Hardcor 600 G side exhibiting higher strength compared to the SS 316L Si side. In addition, the Charpy-V notch test showed a notable difference in impact resistance, with the SS 316L Si side having the highest strength, the Hardcor 600 G side having the lowest strength, and the interface being in between. The results show that the WAAM process is a viable alternative to produce functional bimetallic components with hard surfaces, especially for applications requiring increased wear resistance.
Development of female artist identity in the 19th century: an examination in the context of print art
(University of Novi Sad - Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, 2024) Beriş, Yeter
The 19th century stands as a pivotal period in art history, marked by significant strides in both artistic expression and the struggle for women's rights. Women encountered various obstacles as they endeavoured to carve out their identities, seeking greater recognition and acceptance within the artistic sphere. However, this journey was fraught with substantial impediments to women's artistic and educational development. Initially, during the first half of the 19th century, access to art education for women was severely restricted. Often deprived of formal artistic training, they were typically relegated to home or private tutoring. This limitation significantly hindered women's efforts to establish themselves in the art world. Moreover, upon entering the realm of art, women faced societal resistance. A considerable portion of society questioned, and even outright rejected, the notion of women actively participating in the art world. Nevertheless, certain progressive artists and advocates endeavoured to strengthen the identities of female painters and secure their recognition. Over time, particularly in the latter half of the 19th century, educational opportunities expanded for some women, leading to their admission into art schools. This represented a significant step in enabling female painters to develop their artistic talents and find their expressive voices. Female painters often utilized their art to advance the cause of women's rights. Through their works, they sought to promote social change and emphasize the strength and worth of women. Consequently, female painters frequently collaborated with feminist movements. In this context, female painters typically focused on female experiences in their works. Themes such as gender roles, family dynamics, nature, and the female body were commonly explored. Additionally, female painters developed various techniques and styles to articulate their emotions and thoughts. This paper will focus on the growing interest in new techniques and styles emerging at the beginning of the 20th century, specifically focusing on Western female painters. Furthermore, it will examine the interaction between the development of the Western female artist identity and the traditional Japanese printmaking art, which holds significant prominence in Eastern art.
Exploring guidance and signing systems in environmental graphic design as informational design: a study using graphic design examples
(University of Novi Sad - Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, 2024) Bigat, Ekrem Çetin
Knowledge means power. Having knowledge has empowered human beings and provided new opportunities throughout history. Nowadays, with technological developments, accessing information has become easy for everyone. "Information Design” has emerged as an interdisciplinary field facilitating efficient access to necessary information and transforming complex data into comprehensible formats for broad audiences. Its primary objective is to ensure accessibility and understanding of intricate information. Currently, information design actively guides and simplifies information transfer through visual elements such as guidance and marking systems, symbols, graphics, pictograms, maps, panels, and typography. Environmental graphic design encompasses the planning, design, and presentation of graphic elements within communication systems deployed in both natural and constructed environments. This discipline encompasses guidance systems, markings, display designs, corporate identity graphics, urban design, pictogram design, store design, mapping, and thematic landscaping. Environmental graphic design has increasingly integrated into everyday life through the implementation of guidance and marking systems. Guidance designs enhance efficiency, create positive impressions, and foster a sense of safety in unfamiliar environments. Meanwhile, marking designs serve as visual indicators directing individuals towards their destinations. Presently, elements such as information, guidance, and signage facilitate communication between urban environments and inhabitants. Beyond their primary roles in guiding, informing, and delineating within cities, these elements play a crucial role in enhancing urban identity, improving legibility and coherence within the cityscape, and fostering a harmonious relationship between people and their urban surroundings. This study focuses on typography, a fundamental aspect of information design. Through an analysis of information, guidance, and marking systems, it becomes evident that elements such as signs, directional cues, symbols, pictograms, and traffic signs, integral to environmental graphic design, are closely interconnected with typography. This study conducted a thorough review of sources to ensure the provision of original and comprehensive content. The research primarily utilized printed visual sources, augmented by archival research, internet and library databases, books, magazines, articles, and theses. Findings were presented through detailed explanations, quotations, comparisons, and identification of common themes. This article comprises five stages. The first stage introduces the study, encompassing definitions of communication and graphic design, and an exploration of the concept of perception. The second stage defines the relationship between urban spaces and information design, discussing contemporary urban dynamics, urban identity, the intersection of urban spaces with graphic design, visual elements in urban environments, and the role of environmental graphic design. In the third stage, the study explores the role of typography in information design within urban contexts, defining information design principles, application areas, components such as typography, pictograms, symbols, emblems, and signs, and discussing criteria for readability and perceptibility in typographic analysis within information design. The fourth stage focuses on a typographic evaluation of routing systems through illustrative examples. Case studies of exemplary institutional guidance systems are examined, and recommendations for enhancing these systems are presented using tables and graphs. Finally, the study concludes with a summary of findings, evaluations, and proposed solutions.
Improvement of traditional papers surface and as use fine art paper
(University of Novi Sad - Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, 2024) Özden, Öznur; Beriş, Yeter
The objective of this study is to promote a more dynamic utilization of traditionally produced papers for artistic purposes. Specifically, the aim is to enhance the suitability of papers made through traditional methods using bast fibres from hemp, flax and linden plants for drawing and painting. To achieve this goal, a polysaccharide-based biopolymer material was employed during production. This biopolymer material was utilized in two ways: during the papermaking process and subsequently as a surface coating, where it was combined with starch. The visual quality and printability of the resulting papers, both produced and coated, were assessed. In our research, seaweed was utilized as a biopolymer to contribute to sustainability efforts. The inclusion of seaweed extract improved both the surface and barrier properties of the papers. By integrating bi-based seaweed into this study, we aim to introduce a new dimension to traditionally produced papers while promoting the principles of the circular economy. This preliminary study aims to lay the groundwork for future research by providing insights that enhance the quality of artistic papers in both traditional and industrial paper production contexts.
High-performance PVdF-HFP/PEG-IL composites: the combined effects of PEG and ionic liquid on proton conductivity and dielectric characteristics
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Yılmazoğlu, Mesut; Okkay, Hikmet; Abacı, Ufuk; Çoban, Ozan
This study explores the influence of varying polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations on the properties of PVdF-HFP/PEG-IL polymer composites through comprehensive characterization techniques, including FTIR, SEM, TGA, DMA, XRD and the detailed assessments of proton conductivity, dielectric properties, and relaxation dynamics. In terms of conductivity, the addition of PEG markedly improves proton conductivity. The PVdF-HFP/PEG40-IL composite exhibits the highest conductivity, reaching 1.96 × 10⁻2 S/m at 1 MHz and 300 K, and increasing to 4.27 × 10⁻2 S/m at 420 K. Dielectric properties show that the dielectric constant (ε′) increases with PEG content at low frequencies but decreases at higher frequencies due to reduced ionic polarization. Notably, PVdF-HFP/PEG40-IL achieves a dielectric constant of 3.39 × 106 at 20 Hz, which decreases to 30.34 at 1 MHz. Dielectric loss (ε'') also rises with temperature, with PVdF-HFP/PEG40-IL demonstrating the highest dielectric loss, indicative of superior proton conduction and polarization capabilities. Relaxation dynamics, as evidenced by tanδ, reveal that relaxation time significantly decreases with both increased PEG content and temperature, dropping from 1.06 × 10⁻4 s to 2 × 10⁻6 s as PEG concentration increases from 10 % to 40 %. This reduction in relaxation time correlates with enhanced proton conductivity and faster dipole relaxation, indicating PEG effect as a plasticizer that reduces polymer viscosity and improves ion transport. In conclusion, incorporating PEG into PVdF-HFP-IL composites leads to substantial improvements in proton conductivity, dielectric properties, and relaxation dynamics. The results highlight the crucial role of PEG in optimizing the performance of polymer electrolyte composites, making them effective candidates for advanced energy storage and conversion applications.
Reduced resting and task-related alpha activity in mine workers: implications for occupational health and neurodegenerative risk
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Çelik, Samet; Yıldırım, Ebru; Güntekin, Bahar
Underground mine workers face many risk factors at work sites that are known to affect the neural system. Observational studies report that these risk factors precede neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders, especially in old-age miners. Neurodegenerative disorders have electrophysiological, anatomical, and functional changes long before symptoms are seen in older adults. Therefore, this study investigated whether risks faced by miners at young ages were reflected in electrophysiological signals. Twenty-one underground miners and twenty-two above-ground workers matched with them in terms of age, education, and working duration were included in this study. Participants were recorded with a 20-channel EEG during the resting-state (eyes open and closed; EO-EC) and the perception of the International Affective Picture System Paradigm (IAPS). Time-frequency analyses were performed for alpha frequency. Rs-EEG results showed a statistically significant difference in alpha power between the EO and EC states in the control group. However, there was no statistical difference in alpha power between these two conditions in the miners. Additionally, we noted a more pronounced decrease in alpha responses in the posterior region during EC in the miners. The group's main effects were statistically significant in event-related alpha responses during emotional responses. Accordingly, event-related alpha responses of the miner group were lower than the control group in terms of both power spectrum and phase-locking. Underground mine workers are cognitively and emotionally affected by risks in the work environment. Electrophysiological changes seen in young underground workers may be a harbinger of neurodegenerative disorders in miners' old age. Our research findings may lead to the development of occupational neuroscience, social policies, and worker health, which are necessary to improve working conditions for mineworkers.
Evaluation of the use of vacuum-dehydrated minced meat in beef patty production
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Başlar, Mehmet; Yalınkılıç, Barış; Erol, Kübra Feyza; İrkilmez, Mustafa Ümit
This study aimed to determine the usage potential of vacuum-dehydrated ground beef in beef patty production. First, the fresh ground beef was dehydrated in vacuum dryers at 25, 35, and 45 °C for dehydration kinetics and color change. Then, the vacuum-dehydrated ground beef was rehydrated, and three different beef patties were separately produced using fresh ground beef, the rehydrated ground beef, and a mixture of the two (1:1). According to the results, the dehydration significantly decreased the L*, a*, and b* values of ground beef; however, after rehydration, the L* and b* values were not significantly different from the control values. The cooking loss for beef patties produced with rehydrated ground beef was higher than the control. However, there was no significant difference in the sensory of the beef patties among the treatments. In conclusion, there is potential for using vacuum-dehydrated ground beef in beef patty production.
İnsan - endüstriyel mobil robot etkileşiminde güvenlik önlemlerinin boyutlandırılması için nesne tespit modeli geliştirme
(Gazi Universitesi, 2024) Aslan, Tarık; Yağımlı, Mustafa
İnsan-robot etkileşiminde, güvenlik önlemleri için geleneksel olarak tek düzey güvenlik önlemleri uygulanır ve çalışanlara ait kriterler dikkate alınmaz. Bununla birlikte nesne tespit teknolojisi kullanılarak yeni bir yöntem geliştirilebilir; koruyucu donanım kullanımı ve yetki seviyeleri gibi çalışanlara özgü kriterleri tespit edilerek insan-robot etkileşimi risk seviyesi belirlenebilir ve risk büyüklüğüne bağlı olarak farklı büyüklükte güvenlik önlemleri uygulanabilir. Bu araştırmada, YOLOv5n, YOLOv8n ve SSD MobileNet V3 nesne tespit modelleri bu amaçla geliştirilmiş ve analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, YOLO ailesine ait mimarilerin daha hızlı çalıştığını ve daha yüksek doğruluk seviyelerine ulaştığını ortaya koymuştur. YOLOv5n algoritması GPU kullanımı ile 650 FPS hıza ve test verileriyle yapılan değerlendirme sonucunda %95,7'lik bir F1 doğruluk değerine ulaşılmıştır. Sonuçlar, nesne tespit teknolojisinin yakınlık senyörleriyle eş zamanlı olarak uygulanabilecek bir doğruluk ve hıza ulaştığını ve endüstriyel mobil robotların güvenlik önlemleri almadan önce çalışanların özelliklerini tespit edebileceğini ve riskleri derecelendirebileceğini göstermektedir. Bu durum daha güvenli çalışma ortamı oluşmasına, gereksiz önlemlerin elimine ve operasyonel verimliliğin optimize edilmesine olanak verir. Ayrıca bu yöntem, güvenli çalışma ortamların sağlanmasına yönelik olarak birçok sektörde ve alanda da uygulanabilir.
Biomass-fueled organic rankine cycles: state of the art and future trends
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Heidarnejad, Parisa; Genceli, Hadi; Hashemian, Nasim; Asker, Mustafa; Al-Rawi, Mohammad
Biomass-fueled organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) are widely utilized technologies for power production because of their simplicity, low cost, and relatively high efficiencies. Furthermore, raw material availability and topographical independency make these systems preferable to other renewable-fueled power generation systems. A deep and comprehensive understanding of biomass-fueled organic Rankine cycles will provide researchers with a solid foundation to prioritize their investigations and assist future developments in this field. In this regard, feedstocks and their properties, biomass conversion mechanisms, and biomass-fueled power generation systems are discussed in this study. Power generation technologies based on coal and waste as feedstock have been widely investigated in the literature due to higher energy content and technological maturity. Additionally, depending on the type of biomass available, the scale of the power plant, and economic and environmental considerations, the most common technologies utilized for biomass conversion are combustion, gasification, and anaerobic digestion. Finally, the authors investigate various aspects of biomass-fueled organic Rankine cycles, including working fluids, analysis methods, and environmental issues. Since maximizing product yield is key in biomass-based power generation systems, technical assessment of these systems has been a primary focus of many studies. Further research is required on integrated environmental and socio-economic approaches, along with Machine Learning algorithms. Future advancements focusing on integration of feedstock with other renewable energy sources, efficient working fluids like nanofluids, and high-tech heat exchangers will drive the development of biomass-fueled ORC systems.
From “Criminal Citizens” to “Traitors”: The last of the Kurdish Bandits in Modern Turkey, 1950–1970
(University of Toronto Press, 2024) Özcan, Ahmet
The mass banditry that emerged in Turkey's Kurdish regions between 1950 and 1970 was labelled a "national problem" in state discourse. Banditry and bandits were thus an integral part of the Turkish nation-state building process and the politico-moral economy of the region. Turkish state policies with regard to banditry, after the transformation of bandits from "criminal citizens" into "traitors" in state discourse, culminated in massive military operations to disarm and suppress the peoples of these regions. This last period of Kurdish banditry, the result of the destabilization of traditional Kurdish society, was a source of political contention between the state elite and Kurdish communities.

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