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Öğe The effect of stretching exercises applied to caregivers of children with development disabilities on musculoskeletal muscle mobility and respiratory function(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Ataç, Amine; Atak, EbrarWe aimed to investigate the effect of stretching exercises applied to the hamstring, one of the posterior muscle chains, on musculoskeletal flexibility, chest mobility, and respiratory function. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and static stretching exercises were applied to 30 healthcare personnel caring for children with developmental delays using a crossover randomized study design. Posterior muscle chain mobility was assessed using the popliteal angle test (PAT) for the hamstring muscle, the mobility of the lumbar muscles was assessed using the Schober test (ST), and the mobility of the posterior chain muscles as a whole was assessed using the finger-to-floor distance test. Chest mobility was measured using chest circumference measurements and lung volumes were measured using the pulmonary function test (PFT). The results showed that stretching exercises applied to the hamstrings led to significant improvements in PAT, ST, and chest mobility in the direction of maximal expiration (p < 0.05), without being superior to each other. Ten males (33.3%) and twenty females (66.7%) who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The mean age of the participants was 26.6 ± 5.9 years, the mean height was 169.53 ± 8.67 cm, the mean weight was 65.26 ± 12.03 kg, and the mean body mass index was 22.58 ± 3 kg/m2. Chest inspiratory mechanics also showed a low positive correlation with posterior muscle mobility (r = 0.381; p = 0.038). There was no significant change in PAT. Within the framework of the myofascial theory, stretching exercises that can contribute positively to the musculoskeletal and respiratory system structures of healthcare professionals can be recommended and encouraged to healthcare professionals.Öğe The relationship between sleep quality and posture: a study on university students(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Badau, Adela; Badau, Dana; Şarvan Cengiz, Şebnem; Coşkun, Ebrar ŞevvalThe aim of this study is to investigate body posture, physical exercises, head–neck relationship, and sleep quality among university students. A total of 96 students, with an average age of 20.86 ± 1.24 years and an average BMI of 23.41 ± 2.56, voluntarily participated in the study. The REEDCO Posture Evaluation (RPE) was used to assess the participants’ body posture scores. Head and neck measurements were taken using the Apecs-AI Posture Evaluation and Correction System® (Apecs Posture Analysis Pro Plus Version 8.2.6). Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Pearson correlation analysis indicated that increased caffeine consumption was associated with poorer sleep quality (r = 0.267, p < 0.05). Additionally, increased participation in physical activities was associated with improved sleep quality, with those engaging in sports having better sleep quality scores (r = ?0.278, p < 0.05). As physical activity increased, REEDCO scores decreased (r = ?0.423, p < 0.05), while scores for right head (r = 0.210, p < 0.05) and left head (r = 0.247, p < 0.05) increased. Significant negative correlations were found between REEDCO scores and right head (r = ?0.296, p < 0.05) and left head (r = ?0.463, p < 0.05) scores. In conclusion, due to the limited number of studies investigating head–neck relationships and sleep quality, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn; further and more comprehensive research is needed.Öğe Measurement of simplified template cross sections of the Higgs boson produced in association with W or Z bosons in the H ? bb decay channel in proton-proton collisions at ?s=13 TeV(American Physical Society, 2024) Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Andrejkovic, J. W.; Bergauer, T.; Chatterjee, S.; Damanakis, K.; Dragicevic, M.Differential cross sections are measured for the standard model Higgs boson produced in association with vector bosons (Formula Presented, Formula Presented) and decaying to a pair of Formula Presented quarks. Measurements are performed within the framework of the simplified template cross sections. The analysis relies on the leptonic decays of the Formula Presented and Formula Presented bosons, resulting in final states with 0, 1, or 2 electrons or muons. The Higgs boson candidates are either reconstructed from pairs of resolved Formula Presented-tagged jets, or from single large-radius jets containing the particles arising from two Formula Presented quarks. Proton-proton collision data at Formula Presented, collected by the CMS experiment in 2016-2018 and corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of Formula Presented, are analyzed. The inclusive signal strength, defined as the product of the observed production cross section and branching fraction relative to the standard model expectation, combining all analysis categories, is found to be Formula Presented. This corresponds to an observed (expected) significance of 6.3 (5.6) standard deviations.Öğe Investigation of the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of FeB and Fe2B: ab-initio calculations(Institute of Physics, 2024) Üşenti, Hakan; Duru, İzzet ParuğThe electromagnetic (EM) pollution that we are exposed to in our daily lives has reached levels that threaten the health of living organisms and the stable operation of sensitive systems. The most effective way to protect against this pollution is to create isolated areas framed with shielding materials that can minimize the transmission of EM radiation. The development of shielding materials with high physical endurance against external factors to meet the needs of various sectors remains a popular research topic. This process, which started with metal plates, has continued with the development of doped polymers and composite materials. In recent years, materials with 2D structures have been developed. In this study, the shielding effectiveness (SE) of FeB and Fe2B nanostructures are revealed using ab initio calculations in Perdew-Burke-ErnzerhofSol scheme. SE has been widely figuring out via optical properties which are strongly related to mechanical and electronic properties herewith magnetic phases. The ferrimagnetic FeB and Fe2B nanostructures are considered. Besides, we focus on the thickness and photon energy dependent behavior along various projections. The findings demonstrate shielding performance at levels of >20 dB. Although both materials show similar shielding performance, it is observed that Fe2B is promising when compared to FeB. This study demonstrates that FeB and Fe2B, members of the MBene family, are promising materials not only because of their superior physical and chemical properties but also because of their shielding performance.Öğe Correlation of proton conductivity and free volume in sulfonated polyether ether ketone electrolytes: a positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy study(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Lahmuni, Muhammet; Yılmazoğlu, Mesut; Abacı, Ufuk; Çoban, Ozan; Yumak Yahşi, Ayse; Tav, Cumali; Yahşi, UğurProton-conducting polymers play a pivotal role in clean energy technologies and various industrial applications, with a significant emphasis on enhancing energy efficiency and minimizing environmental impact. Sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK), which is renowned for its proton conductivity, has emerged as a key material in electrochemical processes, notably in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. This study investigated the proton conductivity and dielectric behavior of SPEEK electrolytes at varying degree of sulfonation (DS) of 65% and 80%, correlating these properties with free volume profiles determined by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). The SPEEK-65 and SPEEK-80 electrolytes were prepared via a controlled sulfonation process and characterized by FTIR, TGA, and SEM analyses. Proton conductivity and dielectric measurements were conducted at temperatures ranging from 300 to 370 K and frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 1 MHz. The results revealed that SPEEK-80 exhibited a maximum proton conductivity of 3.4 × 10?2 S/m at 300 K and 1 MHz, which was significantly greater than the 4.38 × 10?3 S/m observed for SPEEK-65 under the same conditions. PALS analysis demonstrated a notable increase in free volume with increasing DS, with SPEEK-80 showing a higher o-Ps lifetime and intensity, indicating larger free volume sizes and fractions. These findings underscore the critical interplay between DS, free volume, and proton conductivity, offering insights into optimizing SPEEK-based electrolytes for advanced electrochemical applications.Öğe Respiratory responses and isocapnic buffering phase in child and youth soccer players during an incremental exercise test(Frontiers Media SA, 2024) Korkmaz Eryılmaz, Selcen; Karakaş, Selçuk; Boyraz, Cumhur; Günaştı, Özgür; Kılcı, Abdullah; Özdemir, Çiğdem; Özgünen, Kerem; Koç, Muhammed; Adaş, Ümit; Kurdak, SadiPurpose: This study investigated the respiratory response and isocapnic buffering (IB) phase during an incremental exercise test to exhaustion in 16 child soccer players (11.9±0.9 years) and 18 youth soccer players (18.2±2.9 years). Methods: The IB phase was calculated as the difference in oxygen uptake (VO2) between the respiratory compensation point (RCP) and metabolic threshold (MT) and expressed in either absolute or relative values. Results: The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was higher in youth players than in child players. For youth players, VO2max was measured at 55.9 ± 3.6 mL min?1 kg?1 and 74.9 ± 4.8 mL min?1 kg?0.75, while for child players, VO2max was 50.8 ± 4.1 mL min?1 kg?1 and 67.2 ± 6.1 mL min?1 kg?0.75 (p < 0.001). MT and RCP occurred at 69.8 ± 6.7% and 90.9 ± 6.9% of VO2max in child players and at 73.9 ± 5.1% and 91.5 ± 4.5% of VO2max in youth players, respectively. The two groups had no significant difference (p > 0.05). Absolute IB (10.6 ± 2.8 vs 9.7 ± 3.1 mL min?1 kg?1), relative IB (23.1 ± 5.7 vs 19.1 ± 6.1), and the ratio of RCP VO2 to MT VO2 (1.3 ± 0.09 vs 1.24 ± 0.09) were similar in child and youth players (p > 0.05). There was no difference in minute ventilation (V?E, mL min?1 kg?1) and respiratory exchange ratio during exercise between the two groups (p > 0.05). During exercise, respiratory frequency, ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) and oxygen (VE/VO2), VE/VCO2 slope, end-tidal O2 pressure were higher in child players than in youth players, while tidal volume (L kg?1), O2 pulse, and end-tidal CO2 pressure were lower (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Despite differences in aerobic capacity and ventilatory response to exercise, child players showed similar IB phase as youth players. Although child players have lower ventilation efficiency than youth players, the higher ventilation response for a given VCO2 may provide an advantage in regulating acid-base balance during intense exercise.Öğe Development of hybrid actuator system for recovery of the model rockets(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) İpek, Gülhas; Dalkıran, Atılay; Dilibal, SavaşModel rockets are the advanced mechatronic systems established through the design, manufacturing, and integration of the model-scale mechatronic sub-systems for a rocket mechanism capable of operating at low altitudes. The safe recovery and reusability of model rockets are prominent tasks to address. Various actuator systems are used in model rockets to solve the safe recovery problem by safely releasing and recovering the payloads that they carry at specific altitudes, allowing the rockets to be recovered. Traditionally, model rockets have employed recovery units powered by gunpowder. This research aims to design a novel hybrid actuator system integrating mechanical components with pressurized gas and servo motor components as an alternative to traditional gunpowder systems to enhance reliability and safety. The objective is to develop a prototype of a hybrid recovery actuator system using CO2 tubes and servo motors. The principle behind the designed recovery system relies on the release of CO2 gas, which facilitates the separation of the rocket motor body from the main body. This principle is based on the mechanism within the designed actuator system, which functions by releasing the potential energy stored in compressed springs. Servo motors triggered by signals from the rocket's flight computer release the springs, allowing the CO2 gas to escape. The released gas separates the rocket bodies, ensuring a safe descent. Within the scope of this research, the efficiency and effectiveness of the CO2 based hybrid recovery actuator system are evaluated through the production of a prototype. The experimental results unveiled that the development of the CO2 based hybrid recovery actuator system enables safe and successful recovery of model rockets. To achieve the timely release of the CO2 gas in the recovery system, the required pressure is determined via experimental studies for the separation of rocket bodies, ensuring a safe descent.Öğe The boundary value problem for an ordinary linear half-order differential equation(E.A. Buketov Karaganda University Publish House, 2024) Aliyev, Nihan; Rasulov, Mahir; Sinsoysal, BahaddinThis study is devoted to the study of the solution of a boundary value problem for an ordinary linear differential equation of half order with constant coefficients. Using of the fundamental solution of the main part of the considered equation, we obtained the principal relations, from which we obtain the necessary conditions for the Fredholm property of the original problem. Further, using the Mittag-Leffler function, a general solution of the homogeneous equation is obtained. Finally, the problem under consideration is reduced to an integral Fredholm equation of the second kind with a non-singular kernel, i.e., the Fredholm property of the stated problem is proved.Öğe Study of the heat?mass transfer process considering the well?reservoir system in fractured reservoirs(Geology and Geophysics Institute at Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS), 2023) Jalalov, G.; Rasulov, M.; Sinsoysal, BahaddinThe theoretical study of oil field development processes and the creation of adequate technological schemes, taking into account the possible compound physical processes occurring in the field to ensure optimal exploitation of deposits, highlight the necessity of a complex scientific approach. Besides the geological-geophysical data required for the creation of technological schemes, obtaining the physical data of the deposit is one of the important factors. Obviously, much of these data come from wells drilled into the reservoir. The most important aspect of these studies is the investigation of the mass exchange and phase transition mechanisms of hydrocarbons, taking into account the pressure and temperature changes in the reservoir and the well during liquid filtration. In this paper, the effect of pressure and temperature changes during the processing of hydrocarbon deposits on exploitation indicators is examined by considering the well-reservoir system.Öğe (?i, ?)-constacyclic codes and DNA codes over Z4(AIMS Mathematics, 2024) Uzekmek, Fatma Zehra; Öztaş, Elif Segah; Özen, MehmetIn this paper, three new automorphisms were identified over the ring Z(4)+uZ(4)+u(2)Z(4) where u(3 )= u(2). With the help of these automorphisms, the characteristic structures of the generator polynomials for the theta i-cyclic codes and (theta(i),lambda)-constacyclic codes of odd length on this ring were investigated. Also, for all the units over the ring, Z(4)-images of theta i-cyclic and (theta(i),lambda)-constacyclic codes were reviewed with the associated codes based on determined transformations. Using these observations, new and optimal codes were obtained and presented in the table. In addition, a new transformation was identified that involved DNA base pairs with the elements of Z(4). Moreover, a unit reverse polynomial was created, and in this way a new generation method has been built to construct reversible DNA codes over this ring. Finally, this article was further enhanced with supporting examples of the DNA as a part of the study.Öğe Investigating ultra-thin rGO coated ZnO core-shell structures in MOS devices: electrical/dielectric characteristics and relaxation mechanism(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Kırkbınar, Mine; İbrahimoğlu, Erhan; Demir, Ahmet; Çalışkan, FatihThe study focused on the relaxation and polarisation mechanisms of Al/(rGO:ZnO core-shell)/pSi/Al MOS structures. For this purpose, the rGO:ZnO core-shell structures were synthesised by sol-gel procedures and coated on pSi by spin-coating. The structures were characterized as chemical, morphological and micro-structural using FESEM-EDS, AFM, XRD and Raman analysis. Additionally, the capacitance (C), conductance (G/omega), dielectric permittivity (epsilon ' and epsilon ''), loss factor(tan delta), electric modulus(M ' and M '') of the samples were successfully examined by DS over the wide range of frequencies (100 Hz-1 MHz) for determining dielectric parameters. Three distinct regions were visible on the C-V and C-omega plots: accumulation (-4 to 0 V), depletion (0 to 2 V), and inversion (2 to 4 V). Two relaxation times (10(-4)s-10(-7)s) were obtained in epsilon '-V and epsilon '-omega graphs between 1-100 kHz (region 1) and 100 kHz-1 MHz (region 2). The relaxation times were according to the Maxwell-Wagner and dipolar polarisation mechanism. As a result, the capacitive effect was observed and the equivalent RC circuit obtained from the Cole-Cole diagrams allowed the samples to be used in energy storage or different electronic applications.Öğe Microstructural and mechanical characterizations of weld metal of S960QL ultra high strength steel joints obtained with different multi-pass laying techniques using GMAW(Institute of Physics, 2024) Mert, Tolga; Gürol, Uğur; Tümer, Mustafa15 mm thick ultra-high strength steel plates with 960 MPa yield strength were welded using different multi-pass laying techniques (i.e., stringer and weaving beads) with torch manipulation. Weld metals obtained were compared using different mechanical (i.e., micro tensile tests and Vickers hardness maps) and microstructural (i.e., optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, x-ray diffraction, electron backscatter diffraction) characterization techniques. Coarser grains and acicular ferrite were observed in weld metal obtained with the weaving pass procedure. There were hardness differences in the face and root passes of both weld metals. Yet, hardness values were 19% and 11% higher for the face and root regions of the joint obtained by stringer pass procedure, respectively. Fractographs of micro tensile test specimens revealed dimples depicting ductile network structure for both joints.Öğe Tailored proton conductive membranes of PVdF-co-HFP: investigating the synergistic effects of ammonium tetrafluoroborate and phosphoric acid dopants on dielectric characteristics(Institution of Chemical Engineers, 2024) Yılmazoğlu, Mesut; Abacı, Ufuk; Erdemi, Hamit; Çoban, OzanThis study investigates the structural, thermal, and dielectric properties of pure PVdF-co-HFP matrix and its composite electrolytes, PVdF-co-HFP/NH4BF4[x], both before and after PA doping, using FTIR, SEM, TGA, and dielectric analyses. FTIR spectra reveal characteristic vibrational bands, confirming the presence of various functional groups and phases. SEM images display a smooth and homogeneous surface morphology for pure PVdF-co-HFP, while the composite electrolytes exhibit irregular dispersion of NH4BF4 salt and rougher surfaces upon PA doping. TGA analysis shows that the onset of thermal degradation occurs at approximately 370 ? for pure PVdF-co-HFP, while PA-doped samples demonstrate higher decomposition temperatures, exceeding 400 ? due to hydrogen bonding and ionic complex formation. The presence of NH4BF4 and PA doping also affects the crystallinity of the PVdF-co-HFP matrix, notably shifting the transition temperatures of the alpha and beta phases. Ionic conductivity measurements indicate that PA doping significantly enhances conductivity by increasing charge carrier concentration and facilitating ion transport. PA-doped PVdF-co-HFP/NH4BF4[10] showed the highest conductivity reaching 1.68 × 10?3 S.cm?1 at 1 MHz and 400 K. Dielectric studies reveal frequency-dependent behavior, with dielectric constant (?') and loss (?") showing distinct trends influenced by salt concentration and PA doping. The dielectric tangent loss (tan?) of PA-doped PVdF-co-HFP/NH4BF4 composite membranes exhibits frequency and temperature dependence. At higher temperatures, tan? increases with frequency, showing a resonance peak that shifts towards higher frequencies. The study elucidates the impact of PA doping on the structural, thermal, and electrochemical performance of PVdF-co-HFP/NH4BF4 composites, providing insights for their potential applications in advanced electrolyte systems.Öğe The impact of different telerehabilitation methods on peripheral muscle strength and aerobic capacity in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Ataç, Amine; Pehlivan, Esra; Karaahmetoğlu, Fulya Senem; Özcan, Zeynep Betül; Çınarka, Halit; Çörtük, Mustafa; Baydili, Kürşad Nuri; Çetinkaya, ErdoğanLung diseases have profound effects on the aging population. We aimed to hypothesize and investigate the effect of remote pulmonary telerehabilitation and motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) methods on the clinical status of elderly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Twenty-six patients were randomly assigned to pulmonary telerehabilitation (PtR) or cognitive telerehabilitation (CtR) groups. The programs were carried out 3 days a week for 8 weeks. The 6-min walk test (6MWT), modified Medical Research Council dyspnea score, blood lactate level (BLL), measurement of peripheral muscle strength (PMS), and electromyography activation levels of accessory respiratory muscles were the main outcomes. There was a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) in both groups in the 6MWT distance and in secondary results, except for BLL. Generally, in the mean muscle activity obtained from the electromyography measurement after the program, there were statistically significant increases in the PtR group and decreases in the CtR group (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant increase in PMS in both groups. An active muscle-strengthening program has the same benefits as applying the muscle-strengthening program to the patient as MI and AO. CtR can be a powerful alternative rehabilitation method in respiratory patients who cannot tolerate active exercise programs.Öğe Investigating ultra-thin rGO coated ZnO core-shell structures in MOS devices: electrical/dielectric characteristics and relaxation mechanism(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Kırkbınar, Mine; İbrahimoğlu, Erhan; Demir, Ahmet; Çalışkan, FatihThe study focused on the relaxation and polarisation mechanisms of Al/(rGO:ZnO core–shell)/pSi/Al MOS structures. For this purpose, the rGO:ZnO core–shell structures were synthesised by sol–gel procedures and coated on pSi by spin-coating. The structures were characterized as chemical, morphological and micro-structural using FESEM-EDS, AFM, XRD and Raman analysis. Additionally, the capacitance (C), conductance (G/?), dielectric permittivity (?? and ??), loss factor(tan?), electric modulus(M? and M?) of the samples were successfully examined by DS over the wide range of frequencies (100 Hz-1 MHz) for determining dielectric parameters. Three distinct regions were visible on the C-V and C-? plots: accumulation (?4 to 0 V), depletion (0 to 2 V), and inversion (2 to 4 V). Two relaxation times (10-4s-10-7s) were obtained in ??-V and ??-? graphs between 1–100 kHz (region 1) and 100 kHz-1 MHz (region 2). The relaxation times were according to the Maxwell-Wagner and dipolar polarisation mechanism. As a result, the capacitive effect was observed and the equivalent RC circuit obtained from the Cole-Cole diagrams allowed the samples to be used in energy storage or different electronic applications.Öğe Proton conductivity and dielectric studies on chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol blend electrolytes: synergistic improvements with ionic liquid and graphene oxide(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Yılmazoğlu, Mesut; Okkay, Hikmet; Abacı, Ufuk; Çoban, OzanThis study investigates the impact of ionic liquid, 1-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (IL) and graphene oxide (GO) on the performance of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA)-based composite electrolytes. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm the successful incorporation of IL and GO, affecting the structural and morphological properties of the electrolytes. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) reveals enhanced thermal stability in GO-doped samples, with increased residual weight at high temperatures, while IL addition leads to higher initial weight loss due to its hygroscopic nature. Ionic conductivity measurements demonstrate that the CS/PVA/IL-GO(4.0) composite achieves the highest proton conductivity of 1.76 × 10?3 S/m at 300 K and 1 MHz, surpassing other samples and aligning with top values reported in literature. Dielectric studies show a significant increase in dielectric constant to 9.55 × 104 at 300 K and 20 Hz for CS/PVA/IL-GO(4.0), attributed to enhanced dipole alignment and polarization effects. The loss tangent analysis indicates the shortest relaxation time of 2.07 × 10?4 s for CS/PVA/IL-GO(4.0), correlating with its superior proton conductivity. These findings highlight the potential of CS/PVA/IL-GO electrolytes for advanced energy storage and conversion applications, suggesting further research into GO dispersion and long-term stability for optimized performance in practical devices.Öğe Normative values and calculation formulas of respiratory muscle strength of adults in Turkish society: A population-based study(AVES, 2024) Pehlivan, Esra; Çınarka, Halit; Baydili, Kürşad Nuri; Uyaroğlu, Mehmet Burak; Baştürk, Pınar; Ataç, AmineOBJECTIVE: This study aimed to establish normative values for maximum inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure in the Turkish population while creating specific equations to calculate these values. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 219 healthy adults, with a minimum of 50 individuals in specific age ranges: 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, and 50–60 years. Each age group comprised at least 25 males and 25 females. Participants were required to be free from health conditions influencing respiratory muscle strength and non-smokers. Measurements of maximum inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure were recorded for all participants. RESULTS: As a result of the regression analysis performed for the maximum inspiratory pressure values, the model P value was <.001, and the R2 value was found to be 0.261. The equation obtained as a result of the model was: 82.583 ? 3.218 × gender ? 0.093 × age + 9.534 × height + 0.343 × weight. As a result of the regression analysis performed for maximal expiratory pressure values, the model P value was <.001, and the R2 value was found to be 0.285. The equation obtained as a result of the model was: 157.165 ? 35.522 × gender ? 0.271 × age–42.036 × height + 0.787 × weight. CONCLUSIONS: The newly developed equations offer valuable tools for evaluating respiratory muscle strength in the Turkish population. These results confirm the importance of using maximum inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure to monitor changes in each patient, while also emphasizing the necessity of reliable reference equations.Öğe Navigating humanitarian aid in syria: challenges, complexities, and paths to sustainable solutions(SETA Foundation, 2024) Baroud, Saeed; Karsavuran, Orhun Cem; Atar, EmrahThis study explores the role of foreign aid as a soft power tool by providing an understanding of the interrelation between foreign policy and aid. The study is based on interviews with aid experts. The findings of the study unambiguously demonstrate that aid and foreign policy are intertwined since, in most cases, foreign aid falls under the responsibility of foreign ministries. Besides the humanitarian imperative, the geopolitical account has a crucial importance in the decision-making process that cascades down from the general foreign policy agenda. In addition, the strategic interests of the donor country are contributing to the decision-making. The prominent themes are national security, tackling terrorism, preventing immigration influx, and economic goals. The study also demonstrates the extent to which aid can be politicized in its extreme form by focusing on Russian vetoes in the UN Security Council and the Syrian government’s weaponization of aid.Öğe DDoS detection in electric vehicle charging stations: A deep learning perspective via CICEV2023 dataset(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Anlı, Yağız Alp; Çıplak, Zeki; Sakalıuzun, Murat; İzgü, Şeniz Zekiye; Yıldız, KazımDistributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have always been an important research topic in the field of information security. Regarding specialized infrastructures such as electric vehicle charging stations, detecting and preventing such attacks becomes even more critical. In the existing literature, most studies on DDoS attack detection focus on traditional methods that analyze network metrics such as network traffic, packet rates, and number of connections. These approaches attempt to detect attacks by identifying anomalies and irregularities in the network, but can have high error rates and fail to identify advanced attacks. Conversely though, detection methods based on system metrics use deeper and more insightful parameters such as processor utilization, memory usage, disk I/O operations, and system behavior. Such metrics provide a more detailed perspective than network-based approaches, allowing for more accurate detection of attacks. However, work in this area is not yet widespread enough further research and improvement are needed. The adoption of advanced system metrics-based methods can significantly improve the effectiveness of DDoS defense strategies, especially in next-generation and specialized infrastructures. This paper evaluates the applicability and effectiveness of Long ShortTerm Memory (LSTM) and Feed-Forward Network (FFN) in detecting DDoS attacks against electric vehicle charging stations through system metrics using CICEV2023 dataset. Experimental results show that the LSTM based model offers advantages in terms of speed and processing capacity, while the FFN is superior in terms of the accuracy.Öğe Investigation of the network made with the complementary motor of the thalamus with the DTI method in individuals with tinnitus(Kare Publishing, 2024) Elpen Karyemez, Pınar; Yağımlı, Mustafa; Tozan, HakanObjectives:This This study aimed to investigate the differences in the networks between the thalamus and the supplementary motor area in brain MRI examinations of individuals with subjective chronic tinnitus and healthy control groups. Methods: In the study, brain MRI imaging was performed on 47 patients suffering from bilateral tinnitus for two years or more and 42 healthy individuals. The tensor information obtained using the diffusion tensor imaging sequence data obtained from both groups was processed in the DSI Studio program. Brain connection maps were obtained from the data obtained. Quantitative information of the individual connecogram maps of each case was recorded and the groups were compared. Results: In the tinnitus group, there is an increase in the pathways between the thalamus and the supplementary motor area. In addition, it was determined that the pathways of the thalamus with the hippocampus, superior and middle occipital area and frontal area increased, and the pathways with the hippocampus and cerebellum decreased. Conclusion: Important functions of the supplementary motor area and thalamus; These are cognitive actions in which attention plays an important role, such as noticing the stimulus from the environment, planning and implementing the response action. It is thought that changes in the pathways between the thalamus and the supplementary motor area will especially affect attention-related functions.
