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Positive body image is a pathway between nature contact and life satisfaction across 58 nations
(Elsevier Ltd, 2026) Swami, Viren; Voracek, Martin; Stieger, Stefan; Stieger, Stefan; Ranjbar, Hamed Abdollahpour; Adebayo, Sulaiman Olanrewaju; Beydaǧ, Kerime Derya
Time spent in nature benefits human mental and physical well-being. However, much of the variance in outcomes of nature contact remains unexplained, suggesting that new mechanistic pathways need to be considered. Here, we tested a novel conceptual model linking nature contact with life satisfaction via pathways involving positive experiences of living in and experiencing the world through the physical self. Using data from the Body Image in Nature Survey (BINS; N = 50,363), representing respondents from 58 nations and speaking 36 different languages, we find that nature contact is associated with greater self-compassion and greater perceived restoration in nature, which in turn are associated with more positive body image. In addition, more positive body image is associated with greater life satisfaction. These associations were robust to sensitivity tests, generalised to all gender identities and age groups, and held individually in almost all national groups and languages. Although replications are needed, we propose that the materialities of natural environments help to link bodily experiences to the production and experience of well-being, a process that is largely stable across national groups.
Source-space EEG alpha activity reveals brain age gaps due to neurodegeneration and disparity
(Nature Research, 2026) Otero, Monica; Carriel-Rubilar, Felipe I.; Hernandez, Hernan; Cuadros, Jhosmary; Condado, Jorge G.; Sainz-Ballesteros, Agustin; Santamaria-Garcia, Hernando; Yıldırım, Ebru
Brain clocks are promising tools for evaluating brain health. However, most current methods rely on structural neuroimaging. Functionally based approaches remain scarce, especially for assessing age-related neurodegenerative diseases. This study examines whether the brain age gap (BAG), the difference between chronological and predicted brain age, reflects neurodegeneration when estimated from electroencephalographic resting-state (rsEEG) alpha-oscillations, a well-established marker of brain functional aging. It also explores whether alpha-based brain clocks reflect sociodemographic diversity and structural inequality. The BAG was computed using spectral descriptors of alpha-activity in the rsEEG source space of 1228 healthy participants, individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and patients with Alzheimer's disease or behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, residing in 10 countries with varying levels of structural inequality. BAGs are increased in MCI and dementia groups, particularly in posterior cortical regions. Structural inequality emerges as the strongest predictor of BAG, surpassing cognition, education, and sex. The findings indicate that an alpha-oscillation-based brain clock provides a sensitive functional marker of brain aging, capable of capturing neurodegenerative processes as well as the impact of social disparities. This scalable, accessible approach to brain health shows promise for translational use and population-wide screening in underserved, resource-limited settings.
The effect of depression, anxiety and stress levels on the quality of life and self-care agency of patients with gynecological cancer: cross-sectional study
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2026) Yalçın, Esra; Küçükkaya, Burcu
Objective This study aimed to examine the effects of depression, anxiety and stress levels on quality of life and self-care agency of patients with gynecological cancer. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted with 182 gynecological cancer patients who applied to the Gynecology and Pediatrics Clinic and the Gynecology and Pediatrics Service of Marmara University Pendik Training and Research. Research data were obtained using Personal Information Form, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21), Quality of Life Index Cancer Adaptation-III (QOL-CV) and Self-Care Agency Scale (SCAS). Results A statistically significant and negative correlation was found between the patients' self-care agency and the levels of stress (r=-.446), anxiety (r=-.491) and depression (r=-.549) (p<.001). A statistically significant and negative correlation was found between the level of quality of life and the levels of stress (r=-.529), anxiety (r=-.451) and depression (r=-.597) (p<.001). A multiple linear regression model was applied with the stepwise method to determine the independent variables affecting the patients' depression, anxiety, stress, self-care agency and quality of life levels, and it was found that the independent variables in the model explained 62.2%, 22.7%, 20.4%, 53.6% and 73.7% of the total change in the dependent variable, respectively. Conclusion The depression, anxiety and stress levels of gynecological cancer patients increase, their quality of life and self-care ability decrease. It is recommended that women's health and diseases nurses assess depression, anxiety and stress, quality of life and self-care ability during the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up processes of gynecological cancer patients and plan, implement, and evaluate nursing care processes accordingly.
A novel hyperbolic tangent-augmented controller framework for temperature control in jacketed continuous stirred tank reactors
(Nature Research, 2026) İzci, Davut; Ekinci, Serdar; Ökten, İrfan; Çınar, Rıdvan Fırat; Rashdan, Mostafa; Salman, Mohammad; Bektaş Güneş, Burcu; Ahmad, Mohd Ashraf
Accurate temperature regulation of jacketed continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) remains a challenging task due to strong nonlinearities, tight coupling between mass and energy balances, and sensitivity to disturbances and operating-point variations. In this study, a novel augmented proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller incorporating a hyperbolic tangent nonlinearity (APID-T) is proposed for robust temperature control of an exothermic CSTR. The controller structure extends the classical PID framework by embedding a bounded nonlinear term that enhances transient shaping and robustness while preserving simplicity and practical implementability. The tuning of the APID-T parameters is formulated as a constrained nonlinear optimization problem, where a composite objective function combining normalized overshoot and integral squared error is minimized. To solve this problem efficiently, the recently developed Schrödinger optimizer (SRA) is employed, exploiting its balanced exploration–exploitation mechanism. A detailed nonlinear dynamic model of the jacketed CSTR is considered, and stability characteristics around the nominal operating point are examined to ensure meaningful closed-loop operation. The proposed SRA-based APID-T design is extensively evaluated through comparative simulations against several state-of-the-art metaheuristic optimizers and alternative controller structures, including PI, PID with filter, two-degree-of-freedom PID, and fractional-order PID controllers. Performance is assessed using statistical indicators, convergence behavior, and time-domain response metrics under identical optimization settings. In addition, widely used error performance criteria, including the integral squared error, integral time absolute error, and integral time squared error, are computed to provide a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the tracking performance. The results demonstrate that the SRA-tuned APID-T controller consistently achieves lower objective-function values, faster convergence, reduced settling time, and significantly smaller overshoot compared with the competing approaches. Furthermore, frequency-domain analysis based on the Bode characteristics of the linearized open-loop system confirms favorable stability margins, supporting the robustness of the proposed control structure. Additional stability and robustness evaluations are conducted under practical non-ideal conditions, including feed-temperature disturbances, measurement noise, and multiple setpoint variations, where the controller maintains stable and accurate temperature regulation across the considered operating scenarios.
The effects of traditional games on physical literacy among school-aged children
(Frontiers Media SA, 2026) Çınar, Meliha; Hassani, Fahimeh
Introduction: Physical literacy is crucial for promoting lifelong engagement in physical activity. In response to rising childhood inactivity, this study explores the impact of traditional children's games on physical literacy within a school context. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was applied involving 60 students (aged 11–12) from two schools in Trabzon, Turkey. The experimental group participated in an 8-week program of culturally-rooted traditional games. The control group followed standard physical education activities. Pre- and post-test data were collected using a validated Physical Literacy Scale. Results: Statistical analyses indicated significant improvements (p <.001) in all four domains of physical literacy—physical, psychological, social, and cognitive—in the experimental group compared to the control group. Discussion: Traditional games are shown to be inclusive, culturally relevant, and effective pedagogical tools for improving physical literacy in school-aged children. Their integration into school curricula is supported as a cost-effective and holistic educational strategy.
Correlation of the endoscopic esophagogastric junction integrity with symptomatic gerd in patients undergoing work-up for metabolic and bariatric surgery
(Springer, 2025) Şişik, Abdullah; Dalkılıç, Muhammed Said; Gençtürk, Mehmet; Yılmaz, Merih; Erdem, Hasan; Nguyen, Ninh T.
BackgroundGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common adverse effect after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). Identifying patients with preexisting GERD is critical for preoperative planning. The American Foregut Society (AFS) recently proposed a new endoscopic classification system for objective assessment of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) integrity, building upon the Hill classification. Grade 1 represents an intact EGJ, while grades 2, 3, and 4 represent partial, moderate, and complete disruption of the ARB. Unlike Hill classification, the AFS classification includes objective measurement of hiatal axial length and aperture diameter. The study aimed to evaluate the ability of the AFS hiatus classification to predict GERD severity using symptom questionnaires.MethodsWe performed a prospective study of obese patients who underwent endoscopy as work-up for MBS. The endoscopy was evaluated for esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and AFS grade. All patients were also surveyed preoperatively with the GERD-HRQL, GerdQ, and RSI. The correlation between AFS grades and questionnaire scores was analyzed using Spearman's test.ResultsA total of 393 patients were included in the study. There were 81% female, with a mean age of 36 +/- 10.7 years and a mean BMI of 41.7 +/- 7.2 kg/m2. The AFS grades were distributed as follows: 11 (2.8%) patients had grade 1; 137 (34.9%) had grade 2; 162 (41.2%) had grade 3; and 83 (21.1%) had grade 4. There was a positive but weak correlation between AFS grades and all scoring systems, including GERD-HRQL (r = 0.201), heartburn (r = 0.203), regurgitation (r = 0.212), RSI (r = 0.110), and GerdQ scores (r = 0.202). However, the proportion of patients with esophagitis increased progressively with increasing grades (0% in grade 1, 2.2% in grade 2, 9.9% in grade 3, and 32.5% in grade 4, p = 0.01).ConclusionThe AFS hiatus classification can stratify the population with obesity based on rate of esophagitis and symptom scores. This study supports the practical utility of the AFS classification as an adjunct in the detection of patients who are at risk for GERD after MBS. Further validation studies with pH testing are needed.
Preoperative prediction of hiatal hernia based on the American Foregut Society (AFS) endoscopic classification in bariatric surgery
(SAGE Publications, Inc., 2026) Dalkılıç, Muhammed Said; Gençtürk, Mehmet; Yılmaz, Merih; Şişik, Abdullah
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Evaluating bariatric surgery in patients aged 60 years and older: a retrospective multicenter comparison of sleeve gastrectomy and roux-en-Y gastric bypass
(Mary Ann Liebert Inc., 2026) Dalkılıç, Muhammed Said; Yüce, Kenan; Zapater, Christophe Adil Fernandez; Özdemir, Neslihan; Kovancı, Hafize; Oumar, Mahamat Bechır Saleh; Şişik, Abdullah
Background: This study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in patients aged 60 and older, focusing on postoperative weight loss, improvement in obesity-related comorbidities, and perioperative outcomes. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of data from three bariatric surgery centers with surgeries performed between January 2019 and September 2024. The study included patients aged >= 60 years who underwent either LSG or RYGB. The primary outcome was the comparison of weight loss metrics (excess weight loss [%EWL] and total weight loss [%TWL]) between LSG and RYGB. Secondary outcomes included the remission or improvement of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension (HTN), 30-day postoperative complications, operative time, and length of hospital stay. Results: A total of 168 patients aged >= 60 who underwent LSG (n = 130) or RYGB (n = 38) were included. Both procedures resulted in similar weight loss outcomes, with a median %EWL of 58.6% for LSG and 61.2% for RYGB. The median %TWL was 23.1% for LSG and 26% for RYGB, with no significant differences between the groups (P = .275). The operative time was significantly shorter for LSG (60 minutes versus 110 minutes for RYGB, P < .001), and LSG patients had a shorter hospital stay (2 versus 3 days, P < .001). The 30-day complication rate was low for both groups, with no significant difference in complications between LSG and RYGB. Regarding comorbidity resolution, 90.7% of patients with T2DM and 93.6% with HTN experienced improvement or remission. Complete remission was achieved in 39% of all T2DM cases (37.5% in LSG, 42.9% in RYGB) and in 33% of all HTN cases (33.3% in LSG, 31.6% in RYGB), with no statistically significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: Bariatric surgery appears safe in older adults when guided by careful patient and procedure selection through multidisciplinary assessment. Both LSG and RYGB yielded comparable weight loss and remission outcomes for T2DM and HTN in this population.
Development and validation of the belief scale for complementary and alternative medicine
(Karger, 2026) Çalışır Kundakçı, Şule; Öz, Tuğba; Karaşin, Yusuf; Karagöz, Yalçın
Introduction: The aim of this study was to develop a psychometric measurement tool to assess beliefs regarding complementary and alternative medicine and to ensure its validity. Methods: For the purpose of the study, sample of 735 people was reached between December 2023 and April 2024. During the scale development process, exploratory factor analysis was first conducted using packaged programs. The accuracy of structure determined by exploratory factor analysis was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The scale comprises 6 subdimensions, including psychological, self-efficacy, perceived barriers, acceptance, perceived benefits, and spirituality, with a total of 37 items. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value of the developed Belief Scale for Complementary and Alternative Medicine was calculated as 0.925. The Bartlett’s test result was significant (p = 0.000), indicating high correlations among variables. Conclusion: The developed Belief Scale for Complementary and Alternative Medicine was found to be a reliable and valid scale with psychometric properties.
Sleeve gastrectomy versus Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass in patients with body mass index over 50 kg/m2: international multicentre cohort
(Oxford University Press, 2026) Kollmann, Lars; Rosenblum, Ilan; Poljo, Adisa; Probst, Pascal; Muller, Markus K.; Kalinowski, Piotr; Dalkılıç, Muhammed S.; Şişik, Abdullah
Background Patients with initial body mass index > 50 kg/m(2) are vastly under-represented in randomized clinical trials demonstrating similar weight loss and diabetes remission rates after sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Methods Propensity score matching 1 : 1 was used to compare outcomes regarding weight loss and diabetes control after sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in patients with body mass index > 50 kg/m(2) between 2012 and 2022 in a cohort from 13 centres in six European countries. The primary endpoint was percentage total bodyweight loss; secondary endpoints were diabetes remission rate and rate of persistent body mass index > 40 kg/m(2). Results In total, 3976 of 8160 patients were matched and included in the analysis (1988 in each group). Median age at baseline was 40.0 (range 16-76) years in the sleeve gastrectomy group and 39.5 (15-71) years in the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass group. Median body mass index at baseline was 56.2 (range 50.0-100.0) and 54.3 (50.0-83.9) kg/m(2), respectively (P < 0.001). The follow-up rate was 70.5% at 1 year and 24.4% at 5 years. Percentage total bodyweight loss at 1 and 5 years after sleeve gastrectomy was 30.2 (2.2-63.7) and 25.4 (-4.8 to 56.0)%, respectively, versus 31.2 (7.4-54.5) and 28.2 (-6.6 to 62.9)% in the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass group (P < 0.001 between groups in both time points). The prevalence of persistent body mass index > 40 kg/m(2) after 1 and 5 years was 42.7 and 57.6%, respectively, after sleeve gastrectomy versus 24.5 and 39.2% after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (P < 0.001 between groups in both time points). A 5-year follow-up, the prevalence of a pathological haemoglobin A1c level (> 6.5%) was 12.9% after sleeve gastrectomy and 11.6% after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (P = 0.323). Conclusion This study suggests that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass results in greater weight loss than sleeve gastrectomy in patients with body mass index > 50 kg/m(2), whereas improvements in diabetes appear comparable between procedures.
The safety profile of aspartame: a review of regulatory standards and emerging health concerns
(Wiley, 2026) Öncel, Hasan Uğur; Sökmen, Zehra
We reviewed the effects of aspartame, one of the artificial sweeteners widely used in the food industry, on human health. We evaluated the chemical structure, metabolic processes, and potential health effects of aspartame in light of scientific studies. Studies in various health areas, such as cancer risk assessment, effects on the nervous system and cardiovascular system, and its role in metabolic disorders, have led to various debates about the safety of aspartame for human health. While aspartame’s low-calorie structure provides an advantage for metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, its potential effects on insulin sensitivity and gut microbiota have led to different conclusions. In light of the adverse effects of the phenylalanine amino acid in the structure of aspartame on brain development, we have tried to emphasize that consumption levels should be more closely monitored in special risk groups such as phenylketonuria (PKU) patients, children, pregnant women, and the elderly. The widespread use of aspartame in the food industry has led to the view that this structure is safe when consumed as a sweetener at acceptable daily intake levels. This review seeks to answer, “Is it a safe additive for human health when individual sensitivities and long-term effects are considered?”
The psychology of offensive and defensive intergroup violence: preregistered insights from 58 countries
(National Academy of Sciences, 2026) Kunst, Jonas R.; Besta, Tomasz; Jaśkiewicz, Michał; Gajda, Anna Natalia; Sanden, Markus; Eskiili, Barkan
Evolutionary theory and historical evidence suggest humans possess distinct psychological tendencies for defensive and offensive violence, which have insufficiently been considered in research. In a large-scale preregistered study across 58 countries (N = 18,128), we demonstrate that violent extremist intentions manifest along two distinct psychological phenomena: defensive extremism, motivated by protecting one's group from (perceived) threats, and offensive extremism, driven by establishing group dominance. We show that these dimensions a) can be reliably differentiated across diverse cultural contexts, b) are distinctively associated with psychological dispositions, and c) systematically differentiate countries varying in macrolevel sociopolitical functioning and violence. Across nations, a two-factorial structure was observed that was invariant at the scalar level. Defensive extremist intentions were consistently higher than offensive extremism in 56 out of 58 countries, suggesting greater moral acceptance of protective violence. While psychopathy was positively related to both types of violent extremist intentions, those high in Machiavellianism and narcissism demonstrated particularly higher levels of defensive extremist intentions. By contrast, those scoring high on religious fundamentalism and social dominance orientation demonstrated particularly higher levels of offensive extremist intentions. Unexpectedly, liberal political group identification was associated with higher offensive but lower defensive extremist intentions. Crucially, offensive (but not defensive) intentions were associated with macrolevel societal dysfunction, including political terror and internal conflict. These findings establish that defensive and offensive violent extremist intentions represent two conceptually different forms of extremism across a large and diverse range of countries, with consequences for research and practice.
Sexual function and sexual quality of life among female healthcare workers in a shift work system
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2026) Kocabaş Şenkul, Tuğçe; Şahin, Ezgi
Background: Shift work is a major occupational health issue, disrupting circadian rhythms and increasing risks for physical, psychological, and social problems. Its impact on sexual function and sexual quality of life among female healthcare workers remains underexplored. Objective: This study examined the impact of shift work on sexual function and sexual quality of life among female healthcare workers and highlighted its occupational health implications within a prevention, assessment, and rehabilitation framework. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 390 female healthcare workers in Turkey employed in rotating shifts. Data were collected using a Participant Information Form, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and the Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire-Female (SQOL-F). Analyses included descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA and Multivariable linear regression. Results: Longer professional experience, working in high-stress units (intensive care/emergency), >= 4 monthly night shifts, and >45 weekly working hours were significantly associated with poorer FSFI and SQOL-F scores (p < 0.05). Conversely, >= 32 h of rest after shifts was linked to higher scores. In multivariable analysis, FSFI and FGSIS scores were lower among participants who reported that shift/on-call work affects sexual desire (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Shift work negatively affects sexual function and sexual quality of life among female healthcare workers. These outcomes should be recognized as critical occupational health issues. Adequate rest periods, reduced night-shift frequency, and psychosocial support programs are essential preventive and rehabilitative strategies. Worker-centered institutional policies that balance service continuity with employee health may enhance both well-being and healthcare system sustainability.
Rethinking post-bariatric care: anorectal morbidity following sleeve gastrectomy and roux-en-Y gastric bypass
(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2026) Erdem, Olgun; Acar, Aylin; Canbak, Tolga; Başak, Fatih; Kudaş, İlyas; Tosun, Hüsna; Tekesin, Kemal; Şişik, Abdullah
BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is a prevalent and effective treatment for morbid obesity, yet its potential long-term effects on anorectal health remain an under-investigated aspect of post-operative care. This study aimed to meticulously evaluate the incidence and the degree of severity of two common anorectal conditions, anal fissures and hemorrhoids, in a substantial cohort of patients following either sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), two frequently performed bariatric procedures. Understanding these potential post-surgical morbidities is crucial for a comprehensive approach to patient management. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study at a large tertiary referral center (2015-2023) included 280 patients (200 SG, 80 RYGB). Detailed pre- and post-operative data on anorectal conditions, bowel habits, and surgical outcomes were extracted from electronic records and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The overall incidence of new-onset anorectal disorders (defined as the development of at least one of the conditions) was significantly higher in the RYGB group (47.5%) compared to the SG group (32.5%) ( P <0.001). Specifically, the incidence of new-onset hemorrhoids (36.5% vs. 23.5%, P =0.02) and anal fissures (29.0% vs. 16.0%, P =0.01) occurred more frequently in the RYGB group. The mean severity scores were also higher (Goligher score: 2.6±0.8 vs. 2.1±0.7, P = 0.01; fissure severity: 2.9±1.0 vs. 2.3±0.9, P = 0.02). Post-operative constipation and diarrhea were associated with higher risk, and RYGB was an independent predictor. Multivariate analysis, adjusting for age, sex, and baseline BMI, confirmed RYGB (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.5, P =0.01) and post-operative constipation (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3-3.0, P =0.001) as independent predictors of new-onset anorectal disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight that not all bariatric procedures carry the same risk for anorectal complications, and RYGB specifically warrants closer attention. These findings underscore the clinical importance of incorporating proactive assessment and management of anorectal health, including bowel habit regulation and symptom monitoring, into the routine post-operative care of bariatric surgery patients to optimize their overall well-being.
Reliable parameter estimation of nonlinear chaotic systems and PMSMs with the stellar oscillation optimizer
(Nature Research, 2026) Ekinci, Serdar; İzci, Davut; Jabari, Mostafa; Elsayed, Fahmi; Salman, Mohammad; Bektaş Güneş, Burcu
Accurate parameter identification is a critical prerequisite for reliable modeling, analysis, and control of nonlinear dynamical systems. This study introduces the stellar oscillation optimizer (SOO), a recently proposed metaheuristic inspired by the oscillatory behavior of stars, and investigates its effectiveness in estimating system parameters through a unified optimization framework. The identification problem is formulated as the minimization of a trajectory-mismatch cost function, where candidate solutions are iteratively refined by the oscillatory dynamics of SOO. To comprehensively evaluate its performance, four benchmark systems were considered: three canonical chaotic models (Lorenz, Chen, and R & ouml;ssler) and a practical engineering case represented by a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The outcomes were benchmarked against several state-of-the-art algorithms, including Kirchhoff's law algorithm (KLA), Tianji's horse racing optimization (THRO), puma optimizer (PO), and hiking optimization algorithm (HOA), under a standardized protocol. The results show that SOO consistently achieves numerically convergent solutions with machine-precision-level residuals under deterministic and noise-free simulation settings, while maintaining strong robustness across independent runs. In chaotic benchmarks, the reported residuals approach floating-point limits, which indicates stable numerical convergence rather than guaranteed physical identifiability under real measurement conditions. On the PMSM model, SOO demonstrates accurate and repeatable parameter estimation within the adopted simulation framework.
From awareness to action: do the food safety attitudes affect sustainable food consumption behaviors in university students?
(Frontiers Media SA, 2026) Pınarlı Falakacılar, Çağla; Bilginer Diler, Gamzegül; Terzi, Merve
Background: Ensuring food safety and promoting sustainable food consumption are increasingly important public health priorities, especially among young adults who are forming long-term dietary habits. This study explored how university students' food safety attitudes relate to their sustainable food consumption behaviors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 360 university students between May and September 2024. Validated scales were used to measure food safety attitudes (FSAS) and sustainable food consumption behaviors (SFCBS). Additional data collected included gender and body mass index (BMI). Statistical analyses evaluated differences between groups and correlations among key variables. Results: The findings showed that 83.3% of participants had adequate food safety attitudes. Female students scored significantly higher than males on both the food safety attitude and SFCBS scales, including subdimensions such as caring, assimilating, and shopping/cooking habits (p < 0.05). A moderate positive correlation was identified between FSAS and SFCBS, particularly for general nutritional behaviors (r = 0.446, p < 0.05). Additionally, positive correlations were found between SFCBS and FSAS subdimensions. Conclusion: Overall, the results indicate that female students exhibit stronger food safety attitudes and sustainable food consumption behaviors, and that fostering awareness of these practices during university years may contribute to healthier, more environmentally responsible lifestyles in line with global sustainability goals.
Global-best-guided electric eel foraging optimizer for robust parameter identification of Lorenz and memristive chaotic systems
(Nature Research, 2026) İzci, Davut; Ekinci, Serdar; Ökten, İrfan; Tümen, Vedat; Bektaş Güneş, Burcu; Rashdan, Mostafa; Salman, Mohammad
Accurate parameter identification in chaotic dynamical systems constitutes a challenging inverse problem due to extreme sensitivity to initial conditions, pronounced nonlinearity, and highly multimodal error landscapes. To address these challenges, this study proposes a global-best-guided electric eel foraging optimization algorithm (g-EEFO), which enhances the original EEFO framework by embedding a behavior-aware and phase-dependent global learning mechanism. Unlike existing EEFO variants that rely solely on stochastic foraging dynamics, g-EEFO integrates global-best information as a soft cooperative signal that modulates the interacting, resting, hunting, and migrating behaviors without overriding them. In this way, global guidance acts as a directional bias rather than a dominant attractor, preserving ecological diversity while strengthening convergence coherence. For the first time, EEFO and its improved variant are applied to chaotic system parameter estimation. The proposed method is evaluated on two representative models: the classical Lorenz system and a structurally richer memristive chaotic system. Extensive numerical experiments, including statistical analysis, convergence profiling, boxplot distributions, and parameter-evolution trajectories, demonstrate the clear superiority of g-EEFO over several state-of-the-art metaheuristics. For the Lorenz system, g-EEFO achieves a best mean squared error of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\:7.02\times\:{10}<^>{-26}$$\end{document}, which is six to twenty orders of magnitude lower than competing methods, while maintaining an exceptionally small standard deviation (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\:4.58\times\:{10}<^>{-20}$$\end{document}). For the memristive system, g-EEFO attains a best error of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\:8.19\times\:{10}<^>{-19}$$\end{document}, again outperforming all benchmarks by several orders of magnitude and exhibiting the highest run-to-run stability. In both cases, the estimated parameters match the true system values with near-perfect precision. These results confirm that the proposed behavior-aware global guidance fundamentally reshapes the search dynamics of EEFO, yielding substantial gains in convergence stability, numerical accuracy, and robustness. The g-EEFO therefore provides a powerful and reliable alternative for chaotic parameter identification and nonlinear system reconstruction across diverse dynamical regimes.
Thermal deformation in non-planar large-scale additive manufacturing of ABS: experimental and finite element analysis
(MDPI, 2026) Aladağ, Mehmet; Tek, Engin; Akeloğlu, Mehmet Ali; Dubicki, Adrian; Zglobicka, Izabela; Eyercioğlu, Ömer; Kurzydlowski, Krzysztof J.
In this study, thermal deformation in non-planar, large-scale additive manufacturing (LSAM) was experimentally and numerically investigated. A B & eacute;zier-based non-planar build surface was fabricated by CNC machining, and a single layer of ABS was deposited using a hybrid LSAM system. Toolpaths with raster angles of 0 degrees and 45 degrees were generated for surface-conformal printing. Infrared thermography was employed to monitor the thermal history during deposition. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed to simulate transient heat transfer and thermally induced deformation. Experimental deformation was quantified by 3D scanning and compared with simulation results. The results show that the slope geometry strongly influences deformation direction: negative slopes promote contraction, whereas positive slopes lead to upward deflection. Maintaining the material temperature above the glass transition temperature significantly reduces skew deformation. The finite element method predictions demonstrate strong agreement with experimental measurements, with normalized root mean square errors (NRMSEs) of approximately 11% for thermal deformation and 10% for temperature history. The proposed framework enables prediction and mitigation of thermal warping in non-planar polymer additive manufacturing.
The mediating role of psychological well-being in the relationship between psychosocial health and psychological resilience in expectant women
(BMC, 2026) Özbaş Gençarslan, Derya; Açıkgöz Atay, Eda; Kaplan, Songül Nida; Özbaş, Ayşe Duygu; Yavaş Çelik, Melike; Işıl, Özlem
Background Although pregnancy is a part of the natural life cycle for every woman, the idea that pregnancy is a happy period and a state of emotional well-being has now been abandoned. This process causes intense changes to woman bodies, minds and society. The study aims to determine how psychological well-being mediates the relationship between psychological health and psychological resilience in expectant women. Methods The study was conducted descriptively with 130 expectant women who attended the obstetrics outpatient clinic at a university hospital between 15.07.2021 and 30.12.2021. Results A moderately significant association between psychosocial health and psychological well-being during pregnancy (p < 0.01), and a moderately strong association between psychological well-being and psychological resilience were found (p < 0.01). Psychosocial health and psychological resilience during pregnancy were also significantly associated at a low-level (p<0.1). The result of the Structural Equation Modeling Mediation analysis reveals that psychological well-being serves as a crucial mediating role in the relationship between psychosocial health and psychological resilience during pregnancy. (beta = 0.08, t = 0.61). The model fit indices were determined as X-2=237.12. Conclusions The study found that expectant women have an important role in strengthening the association between psychosocial health and psychological well-being through their mediating role of psychological well-being.
Assessing lactate stability at the minimum lactate steady state velocity in male trained middle-distance runners
(Public Library of Science, 2026) Shahidi, Seyed Houtan
Objectives This study investigated the physiological behavior of the running velocity associated with the Minimum Lactate Steady State (vMLaSS), derived from a 6×800-m interval protocol, and examined whether this intensity produced stable metabolic and lactate responses during a 30-minute constant-load validation run in trained endurance runners. Methods Fifteen trained male middle- and long-distance runners completed a graded treadmill test to determine maximal oxygen uptake. Following a supramaximal sprint to induce hyperlactatemia, each athlete performed a 30-minute constant-load run at a velocity derived from the lactate-minimum approach. Following a supramaximal sprint to induce hyperlactatemia, each athlete performed a 30-minute constant-speed run at their individually determined MLaSS velocity. Blood lactate samples were collected at 10-minute intervals, and breath-by-breath cardiopulmonary variables were continuously recorded. Lactate kinetics were analyzed using a Friedman test with Wilcoxon signed-rank post-hoc comparisons (p<0.05). Results Blood lactate exhibited significant time-dependent fluctuations during the 30-minute trial (Friedman χ2 (3) = 28.72, p<0.001). Lactate increased sharply by minute 10, declined at minute 20, and rose again at minute 30, exceeding the classical MLSS criterion of ≤1 mmol·L-1 change during the final 20 minutes. In contrast, cardiopulmonary variables remained stable throughout VȮ2 (3.43±0.11 L·min-1; p=0.86) and VĊO2 (3.21±0.14 L·min-1; p=0.91). Carbohydrate oxidation predominated (214.5±19.3 g·h-1), whereas fat oxidation remained minimal (–0.9±2.7 g·h-1). Conclusion Despite stable cardiorespiratory and substrate-utilization profiles, the significant variability in blood lactate concentration during the 30-minute constant-load run indicates that the running velocity derived from the lactate-minimum approach did not elicit a lactate steady state in this trained cohort. These findings suggest that physiological responses at the MLaSS-derived intensity may differ from classical steady-state expectations in highly trained endurance runners and highlight the need for direct MLSS verification in future studies.

Güncel Gönderiler