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Spatial representations of ecological vandalism in dystopian science fiction cinema
(Nilay OZSAVAS ULUCAY, 2026) Türkmen, Anday
This study examines the relationship between ecological vandalism and spatial representation in dystopian science fiction cinema. Adopting a qualitative research design, the study utilizes Seymour Chatman's narrative analysis framework. The film universe of the study comprises dystopian science fiction works that thematically address the spatial consequences of ecological disasters. From this universe, three films were selected using purposeful sampling based on specific theoretical and content-related criteria. The selected films are: A Boy and His Dog (1975), Waterworld (1995), and Snowpiercer (2013). The analysis indicates that ecological vandalism transforms space into fragmented, mobile, or enclosed structures, and these transformations shape the cinematic narrative through atmosphere, plot structure, and symbolic representations. This study reveals cinema's spatial representation of ecological crises, contributing to ecocritical film studies and offering new insights into the intersection of environment, narrative, and visual culture.
Source-space EEG alpha activity reveals brain age gaps due to neurodegeneration and disparity
(Nature Research, 2026) Otero, Monica; Carriel-Rubilar, Felipe I.; Hernandez, Hernan; Cuadros, Jhosmary; Condado, Jorge G.; Sainz-Ballesteros, Agustin; Santamaria-Garcia, Hernando; Yıldırım, Ebru
Brain clocks are promising tools for evaluating brain health. However, most current methods rely on structural neuroimaging. Functionally based approaches remain scarce, especially for assessing age-related neurodegenerative diseases. This study examines whether the brain age gap (BAG), the difference between chronological and predicted brain age, reflects neurodegeneration when estimated from electroencephalographic resting-state (rsEEG) alpha-oscillations, a well-established marker of brain functional aging. It also explores whether alpha-based brain clocks reflect sociodemographic diversity and structural inequality. The BAG was computed using spectral descriptors of alpha-activity in the rsEEG source space of 1228 healthy participants, individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and patients with Alzheimer's disease or behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, residing in 10 countries with varying levels of structural inequality. BAGs are increased in MCI and dementia groups, particularly in posterior cortical regions. Structural inequality emerges as the strongest predictor of BAG, surpassing cognition, education, and sex. The findings indicate that an alpha-oscillation-based brain clock provides a sensitive functional marker of brain aging, capable of capturing neurodegenerative processes as well as the impact of social disparities. This scalable, accessible approach to brain health shows promise for translational use and population-wide screening in underserved, resource-limited settings.
The effect of depression, anxiety and stress levels on the quality of life and self-care agency of patients with gynecological cancer: cross-sectional study
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2026) Yalçın, Esra; Küçükkaya, Burcu
Objective This study aimed to examine the effects of depression, anxiety and stress levels on quality of life and self-care agency of patients with gynecological cancer. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted with 182 gynecological cancer patients who applied to the Gynecology and Pediatrics Clinic and the Gynecology and Pediatrics Service of Marmara University Pendik Training and Research. Research data were obtained using Personal Information Form, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21), Quality of Life Index Cancer Adaptation-III (QOL-CV) and Self-Care Agency Scale (SCAS). Results A statistically significant and negative correlation was found between the patients' self-care agency and the levels of stress (r=-.446), anxiety (r=-.491) and depression (r=-.549) (p<.001). A statistically significant and negative correlation was found between the level of quality of life and the levels of stress (r=-.529), anxiety (r=-.451) and depression (r=-.597) (p<.001). A multiple linear regression model was applied with the stepwise method to determine the independent variables affecting the patients' depression, anxiety, stress, self-care agency and quality of life levels, and it was found that the independent variables in the model explained 62.2%, 22.7%, 20.4%, 53.6% and 73.7% of the total change in the dependent variable, respectively. Conclusion The depression, anxiety and stress levels of gynecological cancer patients increase, their quality of life and self-care ability decrease. It is recommended that women's health and diseases nurses assess depression, anxiety and stress, quality of life and self-care ability during the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up processes of gynecological cancer patients and plan, implement, and evaluate nursing care processes accordingly.
The psychosocial status of children who have a parent with cancer
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2026) Nayır, Erdinç; Ata, Nilda; Toros, Fevziye; Çelik, Aynur; Sungur, Mehmet Ali; Gökboğa, Rahime; Akdeniz, Aydan
Background: While numerous studies have investigated the psychosocial status of children affected by childhood cancer, the number of studies investigating this situation in children whose parents have cancer is extremely limited. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and causes of emotional and behavioral problems in children whose parents have cancer.
A novel hyperbolic tangent-augmented controller framework for temperature control in jacketed continuous stirred tank reactors
(Nature Research, 2026) İzci, Davut; Ekinci, Serdar; Ökten, İrfan; Çınar, Rıdvan Fırat; Rashdan, Mostafa; Salman, Mohammad; Bektaş Güneş, Burcu; Ahmad, Mohd Ashraf
Accurate temperature regulation of jacketed continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) remains a challenging task due to strong nonlinearities, tight coupling between mass and energy balances, and sensitivity to disturbances and operating-point variations. In this study, a novel augmented proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller incorporating a hyperbolic tangent nonlinearity (APID-T) is proposed for robust temperature control of an exothermic CSTR. The controller structure extends the classical PID framework by embedding a bounded nonlinear term that enhances transient shaping and robustness while preserving simplicity and practical implementability. The tuning of the APID-T parameters is formulated as a constrained nonlinear optimization problem, where a composite objective function combining normalized overshoot and integral squared error is minimized. To solve this problem efficiently, the recently developed Schrödinger optimizer (SRA) is employed, exploiting its balanced exploration–exploitation mechanism. A detailed nonlinear dynamic model of the jacketed CSTR is considered, and stability characteristics around the nominal operating point are examined to ensure meaningful closed-loop operation. The proposed SRA-based APID-T design is extensively evaluated through comparative simulations against several state-of-the-art metaheuristic optimizers and alternative controller structures, including PI, PID with filter, two-degree-of-freedom PID, and fractional-order PID controllers. Performance is assessed using statistical indicators, convergence behavior, and time-domain response metrics under identical optimization settings. In addition, widely used error performance criteria, including the integral squared error, integral time absolute error, and integral time squared error, are computed to provide a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the tracking performance. The results demonstrate that the SRA-tuned APID-T controller consistently achieves lower objective-function values, faster convergence, reduced settling time, and significantly smaller overshoot compared with the competing approaches. Furthermore, frequency-domain analysis based on the Bode characteristics of the linearized open-loop system confirms favorable stability margins, supporting the robustness of the proposed control structure. Additional stability and robustness evaluations are conducted under practical non-ideal conditions, including feed-temperature disturbances, measurement noise, and multiple setpoint variations, where the controller maintains stable and accurate temperature regulation across the considered operating scenarios.
Shielding efficiency of iron doped tincal: a first-principles study
(Elsevier B.V., 2026) Duru, İzzet Paruğ; Özuğurlu, Ersin; Arda, Lütfi
The idea of shielding has been popular for decades as a way to reduce unwanted radiation in a variety of applications, especially in the areas of security and health. Fe-doped tincal nanoparticles were examined in this article as a possible option for this use. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to calculate the dielectric function of Fe-doped tincal and shielding efficiency (SE). Fe-doped tincal structures were subjected to geometry optimization through the substitution of Fe at particular boron sites. After determining the formation energy to evaluate stability, the optical characteristics were calculated. The process was repeated for collinearly ordered ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) states. Considered structures obeyed the AFM state. On the other hand, low conductivity is indicated by the Fermi level electronic density of states (DOS). While bare tincal has a large indirect band gap (∼5eV), the band gap was almost nonexistent in both doped examples. The electromagnetic shielding efficiency ratings were determined to be extremely poor for all setups. Except for the low-frequency band, no discernible variations in SE were found between various configurations and photon polarizations. Significant variations were found for interactions with low-energy photons, especially in the ultraviolet spectrum.
The effects of traditional games on physical literacy among school-aged children
(Frontiers Media SA, 2026) Çınar, Meliha; Hassani, Fahimeh
Introduction: Physical literacy is crucial for promoting lifelong engagement in physical activity. In response to rising childhood inactivity, this study explores the impact of traditional children's games on physical literacy within a school context. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was applied involving 60 students (aged 11–12) from two schools in Trabzon, Turkey. The experimental group participated in an 8-week program of culturally-rooted traditional games. The control group followed standard physical education activities. Pre- and post-test data were collected using a validated Physical Literacy Scale. Results: Statistical analyses indicated significant improvements (p <.001) in all four domains of physical literacy—physical, psychological, social, and cognitive—in the experimental group compared to the control group. Discussion: Traditional games are shown to be inclusive, culturally relevant, and effective pedagogical tools for improving physical literacy in school-aged children. Their integration into school curricula is supported as a cost-effective and holistic educational strategy.
Correlation of the endoscopic esophagogastric junction integrity with symptomatic gerd in patients undergoing work-up for metabolic and bariatric surgery
(Springer, 2025) Şişik, Abdullah; Dalkılıç, Muhammed Said; Gençtürk, Mehmet; Yılmaz, Merih; Erdem, Hasan; Nguyen, Ninh T.
BackgroundGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common adverse effect after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). Identifying patients with preexisting GERD is critical for preoperative planning. The American Foregut Society (AFS) recently proposed a new endoscopic classification system for objective assessment of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) integrity, building upon the Hill classification. Grade 1 represents an intact EGJ, while grades 2, 3, and 4 represent partial, moderate, and complete disruption of the ARB. Unlike Hill classification, the AFS classification includes objective measurement of hiatal axial length and aperture diameter. The study aimed to evaluate the ability of the AFS hiatus classification to predict GERD severity using symptom questionnaires.MethodsWe performed a prospective study of obese patients who underwent endoscopy as work-up for MBS. The endoscopy was evaluated for esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, and AFS grade. All patients were also surveyed preoperatively with the GERD-HRQL, GerdQ, and RSI. The correlation between AFS grades and questionnaire scores was analyzed using Spearman's test.ResultsA total of 393 patients were included in the study. There were 81% female, with a mean age of 36 +/- 10.7 years and a mean BMI of 41.7 +/- 7.2 kg/m2. The AFS grades were distributed as follows: 11 (2.8%) patients had grade 1; 137 (34.9%) had grade 2; 162 (41.2%) had grade 3; and 83 (21.1%) had grade 4. There was a positive but weak correlation between AFS grades and all scoring systems, including GERD-HRQL (r = 0.201), heartburn (r = 0.203), regurgitation (r = 0.212), RSI (r = 0.110), and GerdQ scores (r = 0.202). However, the proportion of patients with esophagitis increased progressively with increasing grades (0% in grade 1, 2.2% in grade 2, 9.9% in grade 3, and 32.5% in grade 4, p = 0.01).ConclusionThe AFS hiatus classification can stratify the population with obesity based on rate of esophagitis and symptom scores. This study supports the practical utility of the AFS classification as an adjunct in the detection of patients who are at risk for GERD after MBS. Further validation studies with pH testing are needed.
A predictive maintenance system for field cabinets using artificial intelligence
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2026) Orhan, Mehmet Yağız; Yerden, Aytaç Uğur
Outdoor telecommunication field cabinets are exposed to environmental conditions that can lead to equipment degradation, network instability, and increased maintenance costs. However, current monitoring approaches are predominantly reactive and lack predictive intelligence at the environmental level. The design and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based intelligent monitoring and predictive maintenance system for network cabinets used in telecommunication infrastructures are presented in this study. These cabinets, which house critical network equipment, are highly sensitive to environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. The proposed system integrates DHT22 sensors with a Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W microcomputer to collect real-time environmental data and transmit it to a centralized database via a FastAPI-based service. To ensure data reliability, preprocessing techniques such as outlier removal, interpolation, and normalization were applied. Three different artificial intelligence algorithms were developed to detect abnormal patterns in time series data: Isolation Forest, Autoencoder, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Forecast. Results indicate that the Isolation Forest effectively identifies sudden spikes, while the LSTM model achieves superior temporal awareness by detecting deviations with a Mean Squared Error (MSE) below 0.0002 for temperature trends. Field tests conducted on an actual cabinet in Istanbul confirmed that the developed architecture can detect anomalies at an early stage, improve network reliability, and reduce maintenance costs. The study shows that the integration of IoT-based sensors with AI-powered analytics provides a scalable and energy-efficient solution for proactive monitoring of telecommunication infrastructures.
Alternative space construction through creative mapping: the design potential of cinematic narratives in the case of Alice in Wonderland
(Centro de investigacion de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad de Cuenca, 2026) Başçı, Selva
This study aimed to integrate fantastical cinematic narratives into alternative spatial constructs using creative spatial mapping methods. In a design application conducted with Interior Architecture students using the film Alice in Wonderland as an example, mapping was used as a tool for analyzing the existing narrative and generating new spaces based on this analysis. The findings show that, despite being based on the same narrative, distinct spaces with clear formal and semantic differences were produced. Consequently, creative spatial mapping is considered a flexible and productive design tool that enables the reinterpretation of fictional worlds, and a qualified approach that supports creative thinking in design education.
Immigration in the United States of America: a historical and political review
(Uchitel Publishing House, 2026) Atatüre, Süha
This article focuses on two main interconnected subjects. The first subject examines the nearly four-hundred-year history of immigration in the United States. The second evaluates how this remarkable phe-nomenon of immigration experienced by the United States has become a global threat not only to the United States but all nation-states in the twenty-first century. Since the adoption of its Constitution in 1791, the United States has welcomed immigrants from various parts of the world. However, this process has been subject to certain restrictions and conditions. In this frame at times, the United States has made agreements with neighboring countries to accept large numbers of immigrants. Conversely, at other times, they have deported to different countries the previously accepted immigrants or completely banned their entry. Despite extensive experience with both positive and nega-tive results, illegal immigration remains a primary concern for U.S. leaders. Today, immigration and the problems of immigrants continue to be unresolved issues. In the twenty-first century, immigration has emerged as a worldwide issue affecting not only the United States, but all countries due to a multitude of reasons. The challenges of immigration we face today are just one aspect of a larger set of issues that I refer to as the ‘Integrated Threat,’ which encompasses numerous global challenges. In this article, I will begin by outlining the history of immigration in the United States and the perspectives of three re-cent presidents on this issue. Furthermore, the worldwide challenge of immigration will be assessed alongside the Integrated Threat.
Effect of channel geometry on the performance of an electrostatic precipitator: a comparative numerical study
(MDPI, 2026) Kılıç, Halil; Konuk Ege, Gözde; Temiz, İsmail; Genç, Garip; Akay Sefer, Özge; Sefer, Ahmet
This study presents a numerical investigation of the influence of channel geometry on electrohydrodynamic (EHD) processes governing particle transport in electrostatic precipitators (ESPs). A conventional rectangular channel is compared with concave configurations using a coupled multi-physics model that accounts for gas flow, electric field distribution, ion transport, and particle migration across a wide particle-size range. The results show that geometric modification significantly alters ion transport and charge distribution within the ESP channel. Compared with the rectangular configuration, the concave profile enhances ion penetration and particle charging, leading to improved collection efficiency across the entire particle-size range. The improvement is particularly pronounced near the minimum-efficiency region for submicron particles. Specifically, near 0.1 mu m, the collection efficiency increases from approximately 30% in the rectangular channel to approximately 50% for the higher-contraction concave configuration, representing an improvement of nearly 20 percentage points. A comparison with a Venturi-like contraction further shows that abrupt geometric contraction produces localized space-charge accumulation and reduces the effective charging region. In contrast, smooth concave shaping promotes a more distributed electrostatic interaction region, resulting in improved particle collection performance.
Application of hybrid meta-heuristic-based data-driven models to forecast streamflow drought index
(Springer, 2026) Ghasemlounia, Redvan; Gharehbaghi, Amin; Ahmadi, Farshad
Drought is a complex natural catastrophe threatened markedly the societies. Thus, its precise prediction has a noteworthy effect in numerous sections such as water resources, nutrition, economics, industry, etc. In the current investigation, to evaluate the hydrological drought procedure in Nazlu River basin, Urmia City, West Azerbaijan province, the streamflow drought index (SDINRB) is applied. In this direction, the SDINRB in four different time measures including 3, 6, 9, and 12-month are calculated using 829 mean monthly streamflow datasets recorded from Aug 1951 to Aug 2020 by Tapik hydro-meteorological station. Then, two robust advanced hybrids support vector regression (SVR) with Harris hawk algorithm (HHO) and intelligent water drop (IWD) optimization algorithms i.e., hybrid SVR-HHO and SVR-IWD models, are developed to estimate the fluctuations pattern of SDINRB-3-12. Given this, to accomplish the optimum supportive models' structure, many scenarios are implemented by tuning meta-parameters such as a number of hidden neurons and deterministic factors of SVR, HHO, IWD algorithms. According to the performance assessment criteria and comparison plots, the hybrid SVR-RBF-HHO model under ideal meta-parameters is identified as the suitable model for predicting SDINRB-3-6 droughts, yet the hybrid SVR-RBF-IWD model is recognized as the appropriate model for forecasting SDINRB-9-12 droughts. Likewise, the best modelling performance is achieved by the hybrid SVR-RBF-HHO model in predicting SDINRB-6 drought. It results in an RMSE, R-2, NSE, and MBE of 0.23, 0.94, 0.92, and 0.072, respectively. Nonetheless, for the single SVR-RBF as the benchmark model is attained 0.43, 0.79, 0.78, and 0.045, respectively.
From protracted liminality to fractured homecoming: intrafamilial bargaining and the limits of voluntary repatriation for Syrians in Turkey
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2026) Dinçşahin, Şakir; İçduygu, Ahmet
This essay examines how intrafamilial bargaining and patriarchal hierarchies shape decisions about return among Syrians under Turkey's Temporary Protection Regime, particularly after the December 2024 collapse of the Assad regime and the expansion of return programming. Drawing on fieldwork in Turkey and Syria, it argues that macro-level depictions of “voluntary” repatriation obscure household-level dynamics in which men, women and youth hold divergent priorities and unequal power. Three empirical patterns recur: male-led collective returns that generate intra-household conflict and covert resistance; fragmented returns in which some family members relocate while others remain to diversify risks; and nominal household consent that masks women's constrained agency and heightens their post-return vulnerability. The essay shows that voluntariness, safety, and sustainability—core criteria of normative return frameworks—are compromised when return choices are shaped by gendered authority and intergenerational expectations. The essay critiques macro-level measures of “successful” repatriation for overlooking these micro-dynamics and recommends new policy perspectives that recognise intra-household bargaining, ensure women's and youths' independent access to information and services, and integrate gendered security and education concerns into return planning.
Preoperative prediction of hiatal hernia based on the American Foregut Society (AFS) endoscopic classification in bariatric surgery
(SAGE Publications, Inc., 2026) Dalkılıç, Muhammed Said; Gençtürk, Mehmet; Yılmaz, Merih; Şişik, Abdullah
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STEM in early childhood: a phenomenological perspective on teachers' views, experiences, and professional development needs
(Necmettin Erbakan University, 2025) Özok Bulut, Nefise; Erdoğan, Serap
The implementation of STEM education in early childhood has become increasingly important for the development of children's 21st-century skills. However, the effective realization of this interdisciplinary approach is directly related to teachers' theoretical knowledge and practical competencies. In this study, the views, implementation experiences, and professional development needs of preschool teachers regarding STEM education were examined. The study, conducted using a phenomenological design, a qualitative research method, included 16 preschool teachers selected through criterion sampling. Data were collected through two online focus group interviews and analyzed using the content analysis method. The findings indicate that teachers define STEM as an interdisciplinary approach but have some misconceptions. While all teachers emphasized that STEM education is important and necessary for children, it was found that they do not implement it. The main factors hindering STEM education include a lack of professional support, insufficient knowledge, materials, and resources, time constraints, and inadequate administrative and family awareness. The research findings show that teachers need practical training, mentoring support, professional learning communities, and guiding resources and materials. The study also offers recommendations to improve the quality of STEM implementation in early childhood.
Relationship between childhood traumas, cognitive distortions and aggression in forensic psychiatry patients aggression in forensic psychiatry patients
(Routledge, 2026) Atay, Eda; Doğan, Ufuk; Işıl, Özlem; Hekim, Büke; Kılıç, Nilüfer
Aggression is a common problem in forensic psychiatric patients and an important problem for psychiatric nurses during the treatment, care and rehabilitation of patients. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between childhood traumas, cognitive distortions and aggression in forensic psychiatry patients. This descriptive study was conducted with 103 forensic psychiatry patients treated in a high security forensic psychiatry hospital. The data of study were collected Introductory Information Form, Childhood Psychological Traumas Scale (CTQ), Cognitive Distortions Scale (CDS) and Buss-Perry Aggression Scale (BAQ). The data of the study were collected using the Introductory Information Form, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), which assesses traumatic experiences in childhood; the Cognitive Distortions Scale (CDS), which measures dysfunctional thought patterns; and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BAQ), which evaluates levels of aggression. The study found a significant positive correlation among childhood traumas, cognitive distortions, and aggression, indicating that higher levels of childhood trauma and cognitive distortions are associated with increased aggression. This study highlights the importance of considering both early traumatic experiences and cognitive processes together in the management and prevention of aggression among forensic psychiatric patients. The findings emphasize the necessity of taking these factors into account for risk assessment and effective treatment planning.
Nomophobia and netlessphobia: implications for psychological resilience and happiness
(Routledge, 2025) Karagöz, Yalçın; Filiz, Mustafa; Karaşin, Yusuf; Kuzgun, Şerife
This study aims to examine the effects of individuals' perceptions of nomophobia and netlessphobia on psychological resilience and happiness, and to determine the effect of psychological resilience perceptions on happiness. The study included 537 participants aged 18 years and over, working in either the public or private sector. Data were collected online using scales measuring nomophobia, netlessphobia, psychological resilience and happiness. Path analysis, t-tests and ANOVA tests were carried out based on the distribution of the collected data. The results indicate that individuals' perceptions of nomophobia (M = 4.06, SD = 1.25) significantly affect their perceptions of psychological resilience (M = 2.68, SD = 0.81), but have no effect on their perceptions of happiness (M = 2.61, SD = 0.86). Conversely, perceptions of netlessphobia (M = 3.78, SD = 0.84) significantly influence both psychological resilience and happiness. This study shows that digital anxiety affects psychological resilience and happiness. Specifically, nomophobia negatively affects psychological resilience but has no significant effect on happiness, whereas netlessphobia significantly affects both.
Making of the Türkiye-EU readmission agreement and visa liberalization deal: internal negotiations within the Turkish executive
(MIT Press, 2025) Tekin, Ali; Erdenir, Burak
This article examines the intragovernmental negotiations among Turkish executive agencies that shaped T & uuml;rkiye's position in its negotiations with the EU on the Readmission Agreement and Visa Liberalization Dialogue (RA-VLD). The RA agreement required T & uuml;rkiye to take back third-country migrants who had entered the EU through T & uuml;rkiye, while the VLD agreement notably lacked a solid EU guarantee of visa liberalization for Turkish citizens as an incentive. Initially, Turkish bureaucrats and political leaders had criticized such proposals, arguing that they relegated the country to the status of a "border zone" between Europe and the Greater Middle East. However, this pessimism gradually gave way to a more optimistic approach between mid-2012 and the end of 2013. When the agreement was finally signed on December 16, 2013, the Turkish Foreign Minister hailed it as a diplomatic breakthrough that would grant Turkish citizens the long-sought-after visa-free travel within the EU. But how did T & uuml;rkiye's position shift so decisively? What explains this puzzle? We attempt to unravel this puzzle by examining the intragovernmental negotiations within the Turkish executive branch concerning migration and visa diplomacy. We argue that changes in migration and visa policies can largely be explained by the negotiation dynamics among various government agencies involved in the process. By analyzing the process as a loosely demarcated set of phases, we trace the roles of hard-line and soft-line agencies, policy entrepreneurship, horizontal and vertical shifts in decision-making authority, expanding interagency negotiation techniques, and soft-liners' informal collaboration with external actors. Taking T & uuml;rkiye as a "critical case," this study employs rigorous document analysis along with first-time interviews with key bureaucrats involved in interagency bargaining during the period. It contributes to negotiation studies by exploring the relatively underexamined area of interagency negotiations. Finally, the article calls for more elaborate analysis of the impact of the recent wave of populist authoritarian governments on intragovernmental bargaining dynamics, including their effects on transparency, the quality of the decisions made, and groupthink dynamics.
Exploring intra-industry trade dynamics: spatial analysis of Türkiye's provinces
(İstanbul University Press, 2025) Şaşmaz, Abdullah Bahadır
This study investigates intra-industry trade (IIT) among the 81 provinces (NUTS-3) of T & uuml;rkiye from 2004 to 2021 using Grubel-Lloyd's methodology with ISIC rev.4-4 digit data. Spatial autocorrelation analysis reveals significant clustering,with the western region demonstrating high-high IITcharacteristics, whereas the eastern region exhibits low-low patterns, indicating regional disparities. Different spatial estimators, such as the spatial Durbin model (SDM), spatial autoregressive model (SAR), spatial error model (SEM), spatial autoregressive and autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model (SAC), and econometric models, are employed to explore spillover effects among cities. However, no statistically significant spillover effects are detected, suggesting IIT is linked to production fragmentation amongT & uuml;rkiye's cities. Hausman test results show thatthe most efficient estimators in the analysis are SAR, SEM, and SAC under fixed effects models. The time effects model yields the most significant results, indicating a positive relationship between GDP, GDP per capita, government spending, patent registrations, metropolitan status, and IIT. Conversely, a negative association is found with brand registrations. Trade openness, coastal access, border proximity, and landlocked status do not significantly impact IIT.

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