Dijtal oyun ve yaşam tarzı sporlarının yeni ve özgün bir sürümü: espor ve spor metaevrenler
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Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Fenerbahçe Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Dijital dönüşüm paradigması, yirminci yüzyılın sonunda hayatın her alanına etki etmiştir. İnsan ihtiyaçlarından doğan ve bu ihtiyaçları en uygun şekilde karşılamayı amaçlayan bu dönüşüm şüphesiz ki spor alanının gelişimine de yansımaktadır. Bu sürecin son yirmi yılda geldiği nokta ise, spor kavramına espor adında yeni bir alan kazandırmasıdır. Rekabetçi video oyunlarının gerek çevrimiçi oynanması gerekse izlenmesi espor kavramının doğmasına öncülük etmiştir. Espor, turnuva sayıları, izlenme oranları, oyuncu sayıları ve yarattığı gelir hacmi ile aynı zamanda önemli bir endüstri haline gelmiştir. Örneğin; Türkiye’de farklı platformlar üzerinden oyun oynayan nüfusun yarısına yakını espor ekosistemi içerisinde yer almaktadır. Oyun endüstrisinin 2022 yılında dünya genelinde elde ettiği gelir 196,9 milyar dolardır. Espor, hacim olarak katlanarak büyümesine ve espor endüstrisinin paydaşları tarafından spor olarak kabul edilmesine rağmen, hareket ve antrenman bilimleri açısından spor branşı olarak tartışmalı bir konuma sahiptir. Hem akademik hem de spor çevrelerince devam eden tartışma büyük ölçüde; esporun bir spor olarak sınıflandırılıp sınıflandırılamayacağı noktasındadır. Ancak diğer yandan kültürel ve sosyal sermaye birikiminin bir aracı olan espor, günümüzde giderek kendine has özelliklere sahip spor metaevrenleri (metaverse) şeklinde yaşam alanları oluşturmaktadır. Bu açıdan spora yönelim, güncel literatürde alternatif sporlar, spor sonrası ya da yaşam tarzı sporları ile örtüşmektedir. Yaşam tarzı sporlarına katılım, belirli bir spor alt kültürünün üyesi olarak tanımlanma, bu spor alanına yüksek katılım düzeyine sahip olma ve ilgili sporu kişinin hayatının merkezi olarak ilişkilendirmesi özellikleri ile ilişkilendirilir. Yaşam tarzı sporları aynı zamanda toplumun kurallarına karşı ideolojik bir duruşun bedensel temsili anlamına da gelmektedir. Gelecekte bu temsilin daha özgün ve saf hali, kendine metaevren ortamında karşılık bulacaktır. Bu anlamda espor, kişinin hayatında anlamlı sosyal deneyimler ve karşılaşmalar yaşayabileceği idealize edilmiş bir alan yaratarak, geleneksel sporun ve normatif toplumun kısıtlamalarından ayrılabilen daha geniş bir varoluş biçiminin merkezi bir unsurudur. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı; esporu genel olarak sporun tanımlayıcı özelliklerini karşılaması yönü ile ele alarak, sporun özgün bir versiyonu ve bir yaşam tarzı sporu olarak kabul edip, spor yönetimi ve rekreasyon alanına dahil olduğunun kanıtlarını ortaya koymak ve bu alanda yapılacak olan çalışmalar için öneriler getirmektir.
The digital transformation paradigm had an impact on every aspect of life at the end of the twentieth century. This transformation, which arises from human needs and aims to meet these needs in the most appropriate way, is undoubtedly reflected in the development of the field of sports. The point that this process has reached in the last twenty years is that it brings a new field to the concept of sports called esports. Both playing and watching competitive video games online led to the emergence of the concept of esports. Esports has also become an important industry with the number of tournaments organized, viewership rates, player numbers and the volume of revenue it creates. For example; In Turkey, 42 million people playing games on different platforms are in the esports ecosystem. The worldwide revenue of the gaming industry in 2022 is 196.9 billion dollars. Although esports grows exponentially in volume and is accepted as a sport by the stakeholders of the esports industry, it has a controversial position as a sport branch in terms of movement and training sciences. The ongoing debate in both academic and sports circles is largely; It is at the point of whether esports can be classified as a sport or not. However, on the other hand, esports is a means of cultural and social capital accumulation, and today it is gradually creating living spaces in the form of sports metaverses with unique characteristics. In this respect, orientation to sports overlaps with alternative sports, post-sport or lifestyle sports in the current literature. Participation in lifestyle sports is associated with the characteristics of being defined as a member of a certain sports subculture, having a high level of participation in this sports field, and associating the relevant sports as the center of one's life. Lifestyle sports also mean the bodily representation of an ideological stance against the rules of society. In the future, a more original and purer version of this representation will find its response in the metaverse. In this sense, esports is a central element of a broader form of existence that can be separated from the constraints of traditional sport and normative society by creating an idealized space where one can have meaningful social experiences and encounters in one's life. In this context, the aim of this study is to consider esports in terms of meeting the defining features of sports in general, to accept it as a unique version of sports and a lifestyle sport, to present the evidence that it is included in the field of sports management and recreation, and to make suggestions for studies to be done in this field.
The digital transformation paradigm had an impact on every aspect of life at the end of the twentieth century. This transformation, which arises from human needs and aims to meet these needs in the most appropriate way, is undoubtedly reflected in the development of the field of sports. The point that this process has reached in the last twenty years is that it brings a new field to the concept of sports called esports. Both playing and watching competitive video games online led to the emergence of the concept of esports. Esports has also become an important industry with the number of tournaments organized, viewership rates, player numbers and the volume of revenue it creates. For example; In Turkey, 42 million people playing games on different platforms are in the esports ecosystem. The worldwide revenue of the gaming industry in 2022 is 196.9 billion dollars. Although esports grows exponentially in volume and is accepted as a sport by the stakeholders of the esports industry, it has a controversial position as a sport branch in terms of movement and training sciences. The ongoing debate in both academic and sports circles is largely; It is at the point of whether esports can be classified as a sport or not. However, on the other hand, esports is a means of cultural and social capital accumulation, and today it is gradually creating living spaces in the form of sports metaverses with unique characteristics. In this respect, orientation to sports overlaps with alternative sports, post-sport or lifestyle sports in the current literature. Participation in lifestyle sports is associated with the characteristics of being defined as a member of a certain sports subculture, having a high level of participation in this sports field, and associating the relevant sports as the center of one's life. Lifestyle sports also mean the bodily representation of an ideological stance against the rules of society. In the future, a more original and purer version of this representation will find its response in the metaverse. In this sense, esports is a central element of a broader form of existence that can be separated from the constraints of traditional sport and normative society by creating an idealized space where one can have meaningful social experiences and encounters in one's life. In this context, the aim of this study is to consider esports in terms of meeting the defining features of sports in general, to accept it as a unique version of sports and a lifestyle sport, to present the evidence that it is included in the field of sports management and recreation, and to make suggestions for studies to be done in this field.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Yaşam Tarzı Sporları, Dijital Oyun, Espor, Spor Endüstrisi, Spor Metaevrenleri, Lifestyle Sports, Digital Gaming, Esports, Sports Industry, Sports Metaverses
Kaynak
Fenerbahçe Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
2
Sayı
2
