İnşaat sektöründe çalışanların yaşadıkları stresin iş kazalarına etkisinin belirlenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Gedik Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İnşaat sektörünün kendisine yakın alt dallara da istihdam sunarak ülke ekonomisine büyük katkı sağlayan dolayısıyla işgücü ihtiyacı yüksek olan önemli bir sektördür. Bu iş gücü eğitim, mesleki yeterlilik ve sağlık anlamında nitelik gerektirmektedir. Dünyada ve ülkemizde de yaşanan iş kazalarının ve meslek hastalıklarının can ve mal kaybına neden olduğu, işletmeleri ekonomik olarak olumsuz etkilediği bilinmektedir. SGK 2020 Mayıs ayı verilerine baktığımızda Türkiye'de inşaat sektörüne ait 149.051 iş yeri ve 1.218.008 zorunlu sigortalı çalışan bulunmaktadır (Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu , 2020). 2018 yılında ise Türkiye'de inşaat sektöründe iş kazası geçiren 77.157 sigortalı çalışan arasından 591 kişi hayatını kaybetmiştir (Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu, 2018). Yurtdışı müteahhitlik hizmetlerinde de büyük paya sahip olan inşaat sektörünün inşaat sanayicileri işveren sendikasının raporuna göre, Türk müteahhitlik sektörü yurtdışında 2019 yılında 19,1 milyar dolarlık proje üstlenmiştir (İNTES, 2020). Nitekim inşaat sektörü yapısı gereği ağır çalışma koşullarına sahip olmakla birlikte kendisine özgü tehlike ve riskleri de muhteva etmektedir. Bu sebeple inşaat sektöründe her yıl yüzlerce kişi hayatını kaybetmekte veya sürekli/geçici iş göremez hale gelmektedir. Yapısı gereği mevsimsel değişimlerden etkilenen inşaat sektörüne ait çalışanlar, günün büyük bir kısmını şantiyede geçirmesinin yanı sıra yılın belli dönemlerinde çalışmaları sebebiyle iktisadi anlamda telafi sağlamak amacıyla fazla mesai yoluna başvurmakta olup, zihinsel ve fiziksel anlamda daha çok yorulmaktadırlar. Genel anlamda yaz aylarına tekabül eden inşaat çalışmalarında, atmosferik olaylar sonucu termal koşulların zararlı etkilerine maruziyet artmakta olduğundan çağın hastalığı olarak tabir edilen stres faktörü birkaç koldan kendini göstermektedir. Diğer yandan gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte sosyal ve iş anlamında rekabetin artmasıyla çağın hastalığı olan çeşitli stres faktörleri karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Health and Safety 2019 verilerine göre, Büyük Britanya'da ki inşaat sektöründe iş ile ilgili hastalılardan mustarip olan 79.000 kişi arasından yüzde 21 gibi önemli bir oran ile 16.590 kişi strese maruz kaldığını dile getirmiştir (Health and Safety, 2019). Teknoloji ile birlikte sosyal ve iş anlamında rekabetin artmasıyla çeşitli stres faktörleri karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Yetersiz beslenme, doğa olayları, çevresel etmenler, fiziksel ve örgütsel stres kaynakları, tükenmişlik, iş tatminsizliği, iktisadi ve sosyal yetersizlikler, ağır çalışma koşulları, iş güvencesinin olamaması, sektörde yaşanan iş kazaları gibi birçok etkeni birer stres yapıcı olarak nitelendirmek mümkündür. İnşaat sektöründe meydana gelen iş kazalarının büyük bir kısmının yüksekten düşme şeklinde olduğu bilinmektedir. Yaşanan iş kazlarının kök nedenlerinde yer alan güvensiz davranışların önemine istinaden, stresin bilişsel faaliyetleri etkileyerek yaşanan kazalar üzerinde büyük etkisi bulunmaktadır. Yaşanan kazaların maddi, manevi, sosyal ve psikolojik sonuçları yeniden stres faktörü oluşturarak karşımıza çıkmakta ve kısır bir döngü halini almaktadır. İnşaat sektörünün yapısı analiz edilerek multidisipliner yaklaşımlar, kapsamlı eğitimler ve önleyici faaliyetler ile yaşanan iş kazalarının önlenmesi mümkündür. Mevcut çalışmada İstanbul ili Kadıköy ilçesi Fikir tepe semtinde yer alan kentsel dönüşüm projesinde faaliyet gösteren bir inşaat firmasına ait şantiye çalışanları araştırma grubunu oluşturmakta olup elde edilen veriler SPSS programı ile analize tabi tutulmuş, sonuçlar tartışılıp yorumlanmış öneriler sunulmuştur.
The construction sector is an important sector that contributes greatly to the country's economy by offering employment to sub-branches close to it, and therefore has a high need for labor. This workforce requires qualifications in education, professional competence and health. It is known that occupational accidents and occupational diseases in the world and in our country cause loss of life and property and negatively affect businesses economically. When we look at the data in "SGK 2020" for May, there are 149.051 workplace of the construction sector in Turkey and there are 1.218.008 workers compulsorily insured (Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu , 2020). Turkey in 2018, 591 people died out of 77.157 insured employees who had work accident in construction sector (Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu, 2018). According to the report of the employers' union of construction industrialists of the construction industry, which also has a large share in overseas contracting services, the Turkish contracting sector has undertaken projects worth 19,1 billion dollars abroad in 2019 (İNTES, 2020). As a matter of fact, although the construction sector has heavy working conditions due to its structure, it also includes its own dangers and risks. For this reason, hundreds of people die or become permanently / temporarily become incapable of working in the construction industry every year. Employees of the construction sector, which is affected by seasonal changes due to its nature, spend most of the day at the construction site, as well as resort to overtime work in order to compensate economically due to their work in certain periods of the year and they are more tire mentally and physically. In construction works, which generally correspond to the summer months, the exposure to the harmful effects of thermal conditions as a result of atmospheric events increases, so the stress factor, which is called the disease of the age, manifests itself in several branches. On the other hand, with the increase of competition in social and business terms with the developing technology, various stress factors that are the disease of the age emerge. According to Health and Safety 2019 data; Out of 79.000 people suffering from work-related illnesses in the construction industry in Great Britain, a significant rate of 21 percent, 16.590 people stated that they were exposed to stress (Health and Safety, 2019). With the increase of competition in social and business terms with technology, various stress factors emerge. It is possible to characterize as stressful many factors such as malnutrition, natural events, environmental factors, physical and organizational stress sources, burnout, job dissatisfaction, economic and social deficiencies, severe working conditions, lack of job security, and occupational accidents in the sector. It is known that most of the occupational accidents in the construction sector are falling from height. Considering the importance of unsafe behaviors, which are the main causes of occupational accidents, stress has a great effect on accidents by affecting cognitive activities. The material, spiritual, social and psychological consequences of the accidents occur as stress factors again and turn into a vicious circle. By analyzing the structure of the construction sector, it is possible to prevent occupational accidents with multidisciplinary approaches, comprehensive trainings and preventive actions. In the present study, the site workers of a construction company operating in the urban transformation project located in Fikir Tepe, Kadıköy district of Istanbul, constitute the research group, the data obtained were analyzed with the SPSS program, the results were discussed and commented.
The construction sector is an important sector that contributes greatly to the country's economy by offering employment to sub-branches close to it, and therefore has a high need for labor. This workforce requires qualifications in education, professional competence and health. It is known that occupational accidents and occupational diseases in the world and in our country cause loss of life and property and negatively affect businesses economically. When we look at the data in "SGK 2020" for May, there are 149.051 workplace of the construction sector in Turkey and there are 1.218.008 workers compulsorily insured (Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu , 2020). Turkey in 2018, 591 people died out of 77.157 insured employees who had work accident in construction sector (Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu, 2018). According to the report of the employers' union of construction industrialists of the construction industry, which also has a large share in overseas contracting services, the Turkish contracting sector has undertaken projects worth 19,1 billion dollars abroad in 2019 (İNTES, 2020). As a matter of fact, although the construction sector has heavy working conditions due to its structure, it also includes its own dangers and risks. For this reason, hundreds of people die or become permanently / temporarily become incapable of working in the construction industry every year. Employees of the construction sector, which is affected by seasonal changes due to its nature, spend most of the day at the construction site, as well as resort to overtime work in order to compensate economically due to their work in certain periods of the year and they are more tire mentally and physically. In construction works, which generally correspond to the summer months, the exposure to the harmful effects of thermal conditions as a result of atmospheric events increases, so the stress factor, which is called the disease of the age, manifests itself in several branches. On the other hand, with the increase of competition in social and business terms with the developing technology, various stress factors that are the disease of the age emerge. According to Health and Safety 2019 data; Out of 79.000 people suffering from work-related illnesses in the construction industry in Great Britain, a significant rate of 21 percent, 16.590 people stated that they were exposed to stress (Health and Safety, 2019). With the increase of competition in social and business terms with technology, various stress factors emerge. It is possible to characterize as stressful many factors such as malnutrition, natural events, environmental factors, physical and organizational stress sources, burnout, job dissatisfaction, economic and social deficiencies, severe working conditions, lack of job security, and occupational accidents in the sector. It is known that most of the occupational accidents in the construction sector are falling from height. Considering the importance of unsafe behaviors, which are the main causes of occupational accidents, stress has a great effect on accidents by affecting cognitive activities. The material, spiritual, social and psychological consequences of the accidents occur as stress factors again and turn into a vicious circle. By analyzing the structure of the construction sector, it is possible to prevent occupational accidents with multidisciplinary approaches, comprehensive trainings and preventive actions. In the present study, the site workers of a construction company operating in the urban transformation project located in Fikir Tepe, Kadıköy district of Istanbul, constitute the research group, the data obtained were analyzed with the SPSS program, the results were discussed and commented.
Açıklama
Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
İnşaat Sektörü, Stres, İş Kazaları, İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği, Construction Industry, Stress, Work Accidents, Occupational Health and Safety