Türkiye'de tarımsal kalkınma için bir işletme planı: sürdürülebilir organik tarım entegreleri
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
İstanbul Gedik Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Dünya nüfusunun hızla artması ile insanlığın temel ihtiyacı olan gıda maddelerine yönelik talep artmış ve bu da tarımsal ürün yetiştiren üreticilerin üretimlerinde artan gıda ihtiyacını karşılayabilmeleri ve üretimlerinin finansal performansını maksimize edebilmek için çeşitli doğal döngülere aykırı ve sürdürülebilir olmayan yöntemlere yönelmelerine sebep olmuştur. Bu uygulamaların kullanılmaya başlanması ile tarımda ilk yıllarda büyük üretim sıçramaları görülmüştür. Dönüm/ürün bazında tarihte eşi benzeri görülmemiş rakamlara ve aynı doğrultuda maddi gelire ulaşan üreticiler günden güne bu yöntemlere bağımlı hale gelmişlerdir. Tarihte "Yeşil Devrim" olarak adlandırılan bu gelişme, bir yandan insanların gıda ihtiyacını giderirken diğer yandan çeşitli sağlık sorunlarına yol açmıştır. Tüm bu olumsuz etkiler sonucu alternatif üretim modelleri aranmıştır ve bugün organik tarım yönteminin bu gelişmeler sonucu ortaya çıktığı söylenmektedir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki tarımsal üretimin çeşitli alanlarında görülen negatif yönlü hareketi, uzun yıllardır gündemde olan kırsal göç sorunu ve tarımsal üreticinin günden güne zayıflayan kırsal dayanıklılığının sebeplerini birebir üreticiler ile yapılan görüşmeler ve bu üreticilerin çiftliklerinde yapılan gözlem yöntemleri ile kaydetmek ve bu sorunlar neticesinde; sürdürülebilir-polikültür-bütüncül tarım üretimini destekleyen, doğa ve insan dostu , "Sürdürülebilir Organik Tarım Entegreleri (SOTE)" işletme modeline sahip "küçük ölçekli organik tarım aile çiftçiliği" sistemini model göstermeyi ve üretimde yaşadıkları temel sorunlara pozitif yönlü bir destek sağlamayı amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma neticesinde elde edilen veriler incelendiğinde, bugün konvansiyonel tarım yöntemleri sebebi ile Türk tarımında büyük bir sürdürülebilirlik eksikliği ve maliyet problemi olduğu ortaya çıktığı görülmüştür. Bu bulgular çalışmanın amacı gereği görüşme ve gözlem yapılan organik tarım üreticilerinden elde edilen veriler ile karşılaştırılmış ve bugünün şartlarında organik tarım üreticilerinin birçok yönden daha avantajlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
With the rapid increase of the world population, the demand for food, which is the basic need of humanity, has increased. This has caused farmers to turn to methods that are contrary to natural cycles and unsustainable in order to get more yield. With the use of these applications, large production leaps have been observed in agriculture. Producers who reach unprecedented figures in history on the basis of acreage/yield and financial income in the same direction have become dependent on these conventional methods day by day. This development, known as the "Green Revolution" in the history, not only satisfied the food needs of people but also caused various health problems. As a result of all these negative effects, alternative production models have been sought and today it is said that the organic farming method has emerged as a result of these developments. This study is to record the negative movement seen in various areas of agricultural production in Turkey, the rural migration problem that has been on the agenda for many years and the reasons for the weakening rural resilience of the agricultural producer with one-to-one interviews with the producers and the observation methods carried out on the farms of these producers as a result of these problems; It is aimed to model the "small-scale organic family farming" system, which supports sustainable-polyculture-holistic agricultural production and has a nature and human-friendly "Sustainable Organic Agriculture Integrations" business model, and to provide a positive support to the basic problems they experience in production. When the data obtained as a result of the study were examined, it was seen that there is a great lack of sustainability and cost problems in Turkish agriculture due to conventional agricultural methods today. These findings were compared with the data obtained from organic agricultural producers who were interviewed/observed for the purpose of the study and it was determined that organic agricultural producers are more advantageous in many ways in today's conditions.
With the rapid increase of the world population, the demand for food, which is the basic need of humanity, has increased. This has caused farmers to turn to methods that are contrary to natural cycles and unsustainable in order to get more yield. With the use of these applications, large production leaps have been observed in agriculture. Producers who reach unprecedented figures in history on the basis of acreage/yield and financial income in the same direction have become dependent on these conventional methods day by day. This development, known as the "Green Revolution" in the history, not only satisfied the food needs of people but also caused various health problems. As a result of all these negative effects, alternative production models have been sought and today it is said that the organic farming method has emerged as a result of these developments. This study is to record the negative movement seen in various areas of agricultural production in Turkey, the rural migration problem that has been on the agenda for many years and the reasons for the weakening rural resilience of the agricultural producer with one-to-one interviews with the producers and the observation methods carried out on the farms of these producers as a result of these problems; It is aimed to model the "small-scale organic family farming" system, which supports sustainable-polyculture-holistic agricultural production and has a nature and human-friendly "Sustainable Organic Agriculture Integrations" business model, and to provide a positive support to the basic problems they experience in production. When the data obtained as a result of the study were examined, it was seen that there is a great lack of sustainability and cost problems in Turkish agriculture due to conventional agricultural methods today. These findings were compared with the data obtained from organic agricultural producers who were interviewed/observed for the purpose of the study and it was determined that organic agricultural producers are more advantageous in many ways in today's conditions.
Açıklama
Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İşletme Yönetimi Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Organik Tarım, Kırsal Kalkınma, Kırsal Dayanıklılık, Sürdürülebilir Tarım, Aile Çiftçiliği, Organic Farming, Rural Development, Rural Resilience, Sustainable Agriculture, Family Farming