Görme engelli sporcuların sosyo-ekolojik kuram çerçevesinde spora katılımlarını etkileyen etmenlerin incelenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
İstanbul Gedik Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu araştırma; görme engelli bireylerin spora katılım süreçlerini, bu sürece sosyo-ekolojik kuram penceresinden bakarak, sporu yaşam biçimi haline getirmiş ve bu süreçte araştırma konusuna yıllarca maruz kalmış görme engelli bireylerin bakış açılarıyla ve olaylara verdikleri anlamlarla analizine odaklanmıştır. Görme engelli bireylerin bireysel özellikleri çalışmayla bir bütün olarak kabul edilmiş, gelişim sürecinde ailenin özellikleri, kişilik yapıları ve tutumlarının bireyin "ben" algısıyla ilişkilendirilerek spora katılım sürecindeki işlevi bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir. Sosyo-ekolojik kuram bakış açısıyla, spora katılım sürecinin etkenleri mikrosistem katmanında ebeveynler, arkadaşlar, personel (antrenör, öğretmen, kulüp başkanı), okul gibi yüz yüze etkileşimin en yoğun olduğu değişken olarak belirlenmiştir. Mezosistem katmanında, aile desteği, aile kaygısı, ailenin çocuğu kabulü, ailenin bilinçlilik düzeyi, arkadaş desteği, çevrenin bilinçlilik düzeyi, çevre desteği, takdir edilme, önyargı gibi bireyin çevreyle etkileşim süreçlerini içeren değişkenler olarak görülmüştür. Ekzosistem katmanında, kurumsal etki temasını oluşturan kurum desteği, yasal düzenlemeler, mali destek, rehberlik hizmeti, yönetim ve denetim gibi sosyal yapılar ve bu yapılarla olan etkileşimin niteliğini gösteren değişkenler görme engelli bir bireyin spora katılım sürecini etkileyen faktörler olarak görülmüştür. Araştırma nitel analiz yöntem ve teknikleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma grubu seçilirken "Amaçlı Örneklem" stratejisi tercih edilmiştir. Veriler İstanbul'da ikamet eden 13 erkek ve 1 kadın olmak üzere 14 katılımcıya ulaşılarak, yarı yapılandırılmış, açık uçlu sorular vasıtasıyla edinilmiştir. Tematik analiz esnasında notlar alınmış, günlükler tutulmuş, tüm izlenimler, öğrenilen her bilgi saati ve tarihi not düşülerek kayıt altına alınmıştır. Araştırma; bireyin kendisinden, yaşadığı çağa kadar, etkileşim içerisinde olduğu tüm değişkenlerin spora katılımına etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda bireyin öznel olarak iyi olma hali, mensubu olduğu ailenin özellikleri, yaşamını devam ettirdiği coğrafyayla olan ilişkinin niteliği ve varolduğu çağın gereklilikleriyle olan uyumu olmak üzere; araştırmaya konu olan tüm değişkenlerin zincirin birer halkaları gibi birbirine bağlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Araştırma verilerinden elde edilen bulgular üzerinden spora katılım sürecine etki eden faktörler literatürdeki çalışma bulguları referans alınarak tartışılmış, sporu yaşam biçimi haline getirmiş görme engelli bireylerle henüz spora başlamamış görme engelli bireyleri rutin aralıklarla bir araya getirme faaliyetlerinin spora katılımı pozitif yönde etkileyeceği, önerilerden bazılarıdır. Bununla beraber benzer araştırmaları farklı bölgelerde ve farklı örneklem gruplarıyla gerçekleştirip, karşılaştırmalı analizlerinin yapılması araştırmaya değer görülen diğer öneriler olarak belirlenmiş, bunlar öneriler kısmında detaylıca izah edilmiştir.
This research focuses on the analysis of the participation processes of visually impaired individuals in sports, looking from the perspective of socio-ecological theory with the perspectives and meanings of the visually impaired individuals who have made sports a way of life and have been exposed to the research subject for years in this process. The individual characteristics of visually impaired individuals have been accepted as a whole by the study, the characteristics of the family, personality structures and attitudes of individuals were associated with the self-perception of the individual and evaluated in the context of their function in the sports participation process. From the point of view of socio-ecological theory, factors of the process of participation in sports such as parents, friends, staff (coach, teacher, club president), and school were determined to be the variable with the most intense face-to-face interaction. In the mesosystem layer, family support, family anxiety, family acceptance of the child, family awareness, friend support, environmental awareness, environmental support, appreciation, prejudice were seen as variables that include the individual's processes of interaction with the environment. In the exosystem layer, constituting the corporate impact theme: institutional support, legal regulations, financial support, counseling service, social structures and variables showing the quality of interaction with these structures were seen as factors affecting the participation process of a visually impaired individual in sports. The research was carried out using qualitative analysis methods and techniques. While selecting the research group, the "Purposeful Sampling" strategy was preferred. The data were obtained through semi-structured, open-ended questions by reaching 14 participants (13 male, 1 female) residing in Istanbul. During the thematic analysis, notes were taken, diaries were kept, and all impressions, time and date of each learned information were recorded. The research shows that all the variables that the individual interacts with have an effect on his participation in sports. In this context, the well-being of the individual, the characteristics of his family, the quality of his relationship with the geography where he lives and his compliance with the requirements of the age shows that all the variables subject to the study are interdependent like the rings of the chain. It is suggested that activities that bring together visually impaired individuals who have made sports a way of life and visually impaired individuals who have not yet started sports at routine intervals will positively affect participation in sports. Based on the findings obtained from the research data, the factors affecting the process of participation in sports were discussed with reference to the study findings in the literature. In addition, conducting similar studies in different regions and with different sample groups and making comparative analyzes were determined as other suggestions that were deemed worthy of research and explained in detail in the recommendations section.
This research focuses on the analysis of the participation processes of visually impaired individuals in sports, looking from the perspective of socio-ecological theory with the perspectives and meanings of the visually impaired individuals who have made sports a way of life and have been exposed to the research subject for years in this process. The individual characteristics of visually impaired individuals have been accepted as a whole by the study, the characteristics of the family, personality structures and attitudes of individuals were associated with the self-perception of the individual and evaluated in the context of their function in the sports participation process. From the point of view of socio-ecological theory, factors of the process of participation in sports such as parents, friends, staff (coach, teacher, club president), and school were determined to be the variable with the most intense face-to-face interaction. In the mesosystem layer, family support, family anxiety, family acceptance of the child, family awareness, friend support, environmental awareness, environmental support, appreciation, prejudice were seen as variables that include the individual's processes of interaction with the environment. In the exosystem layer, constituting the corporate impact theme: institutional support, legal regulations, financial support, counseling service, social structures and variables showing the quality of interaction with these structures were seen as factors affecting the participation process of a visually impaired individual in sports. The research was carried out using qualitative analysis methods and techniques. While selecting the research group, the "Purposeful Sampling" strategy was preferred. The data were obtained through semi-structured, open-ended questions by reaching 14 participants (13 male, 1 female) residing in Istanbul. During the thematic analysis, notes were taken, diaries were kept, and all impressions, time and date of each learned information were recorded. The research shows that all the variables that the individual interacts with have an effect on his participation in sports. In this context, the well-being of the individual, the characteristics of his family, the quality of his relationship with the geography where he lives and his compliance with the requirements of the age shows that all the variables subject to the study are interdependent like the rings of the chain. It is suggested that activities that bring together visually impaired individuals who have made sports a way of life and visually impaired individuals who have not yet started sports at routine intervals will positively affect participation in sports. Based on the findings obtained from the research data, the factors affecting the process of participation in sports were discussed with reference to the study findings in the literature. In addition, conducting similar studies in different regions and with different sample groups and making comparative analyzes were determined as other suggestions that were deemed worthy of research and explained in detail in the recommendations section.
Açıklama
Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Spor Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Görme Engelliler, Spor, Fiziksel Aktivite, Spora Katılım, Sosyo-Ekolojik Kuram, Visually Impaired, Sport, Physical Activity, Participation in Sports, Socio Ecological Theory
