Transformation of historical and spatial identity in the process of repurposing: the case of Cendere art museum

The adaptive reuse of industrial buildings is of great importance in terms of preserving industrial heritage and ensuring spatial continuity in the process of rapid urbanization. This study analyzes the conversion of the former Cendere Water Pumping Station, an important industrial building located in Sarıyer, Istanbul, and built in 1902, into the Cendere Art Museum. Following a comprehensive restoration and adaptive reuse process, the building reopened as a museum on October 24, 2022. The primary objective of this research is to critically analyze, through a single case study, the demonstrable impact of adaptive reuse on the spatial and functional character of a historic industrial building. The research specifically examines the interaction between the reuse process, spatial identity transformation, and cultural sustainability within the framework of the Cendere Art Museum. To address this, a unique evaluation framework integrating six key parameters derived from the literature was developed and applied. This holistic model is designed to systematically analyze the multi-layered transformation of spatial identity. The study employs a qualitative methodology. Primary data collection tools included site observations (conducted across three distinct dates in 2024), visual documentation analysis, and a SWOT analysis whose rigor was enhanced through data triangulation. The structure was assessed based on six main spatial parameters: structural features, functional compliance, lighting and air conditioning, historical and aesthetic values, contextual integration, and technological infrastructure. The collected data were analyzed under the themes of spatial identity, the adaptive reuse process, and cultural sustainability. The adaptive reuse process contributed to the continuity of spatial memory by preserving original industrial elements, such as the facade form and the load-bearing system. High ceilings and wide spans provided crucial spatial flexibility for exhibitions and events. However, modern additions, such as glass facade extensions and certain interior modifications, were found to have partially detracted from aesthetic coherence. The structure's conversion into a social gathering space (including a library and workshops) made a positive contribution to cultural sustainability by integrating historical heritage into public use scenarios. The developed six-parameter methodological model provided a strategic framework for the systematic identification of the building's strengths and weaknesses. The study demonstrates that adaptive reuse can transform historical buildings into a dynamic presence that meets contemporary needs while preserving their spatial identity. The proposed multi-dimensional analysis model is considered a valid tool for re- evaluating cultural heritage structures based on principles of spatial sustainability and contextual sensitivity. Future research is recommended to focus on collecting quantitative data on aspects such as user satisfaction, energy performance, and social dimensions to enable a more in-depth analysis of spatial identity.