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The effects of traditional games on physical literacy among school-aged children
(Frontiers Media SA, 2026) Çınar, Meliha; Hassani, Fahimeh
Introduction: Physical literacy is crucial for promoting lifelong engagement in physical activity. In response to rising childhood inactivity, this study explores the impact of traditional children's games on physical literacy within a school context. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was applied involving 60 students (aged 11–12) from two schools in Trabzon, Turkey. The experimental group participated in an 8-week program of culturally-rooted traditional games. The control group followed standard physical education activities. Pre- and post-test data were collected using a validated Physical Literacy Scale. Results: Statistical analyses indicated significant improvements (p <.001) in all four domains of physical literacy—physical, psychological, social, and cognitive—in the experimental group compared to the control group. Discussion: Traditional games are shown to be inclusive, culturally relevant, and effective pedagogical tools for improving physical literacy in school-aged children. Their integration into school curricula is supported as a cost-effective and holistic educational strategy.
The effect of leg kicking exercise on the hip and knee isokinetic strength and maximal kicking speed in young soccer players
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2026) Kılcı, Abdullah; Korkmaz Eryılmaz, Selcen; Boyraz, Ömer Cumhur; Günaştı, Özgür; Özdemir Postallı, Çiğdem; Karakaş, Çağatay Selçuk; Tiyekli, Erkan; Koç, Muhammed Emin; Özgünen, Kerem Tuncay; Kurdak, Şanlı Sadi
Background: Maximal kicking performance relies heavily on the coordinated involvement of the hip flexors and knee extensors, yet exercises that specifically target these muscle groups are rarely prioritized in soccer training regimens. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of a leg-kicking exercise program (LKE) on the kicking speed, sprint performance, and agility of young players. Methods: Thirty-nine youth players were randomly assigned to either an LKE group (n = 18; 15.9 ± 0.9 years) or a control group (n = 21; 15.8 ± 0.6 years). The LKE group performed a leg-kicking exercise three days a week. The participants underwent body composition analysis, isometric knee, isokinetic knee and hip strength tests, maximal ball speed, linear sprint, and agility tests at baseline and post-intervention. Results: In the LKE group, muscle mass, maximal ball speed in both legs, and both isometric and isokinetic strength significantly increased (p < 0.05), while agility and sprint performance showed no significant changes (p > 0.05). Conclusion: A 6-week LKE program, in addition to soccer training, may enhance kicking speed in youth players. The LKE may serve as a practical alternative to traditional strength training for improving muscle strength and kicking performance.
The effectiveness of sprint athletes in removing lactate after reaching maximum effort
(Edizioni Minerva Medica, 2026) Tahiroğlu, Ferdi; Shahidi, Seyed Houtan
Background. This investigation sought to investigate the time-dependent changes in blood lactate levels and oxygen intake (VO2) after maximal sprint efforts in elite 100-m sprinters, with an emphasis on recovery rates and their relevance to performance tactics for sprinters. This research provides a comprehensive analysis of metabolic recovery patterns within this underrepresented athletic group through the application of a bi-exponential model. Methods. Twenty elite 100-meter sprinters underwent a graded exercise test and a 30-second Wingate Anaerobic Test as part of the methods. Measurements of blood lactate levels were taken at three specific points: at the start of exercise, immediately after exercise, and at various intervals of up to 20 minutes following exercise. Oxygen consumption was tracked in real-time throughout and following the GXT. Results. Typically, peak blood lactate levels of 14.9 +/- 3.5 mmol/L were attained at 3 minutes following exercise. The rate at which lactate is cleared from the body occurs in two distinct stages. The first stage was a quick process (lasting around 60 seconds), and the second stage was much slower (taking approximately 300 seconds). The recovery of VO2 also showed a bi-exponential pattern, with time constants associated with quick phosphocreatine resynthesis and prolonged oxidative recovery. Average peak VO2 levels measured 45.4 +/- 4.1 mL & centerdot;kg(-1)& centerdot;min(-1), which matches what is typically seen in trained athletes. A sophisticated modelling method uncovered detailed patterns of recovery for individual athletes, suggesting ways to fine-tune rest breaks and track fatigue levels during sprint training, which specifically involves post-exertion exhaustion. Conclusions. The research offers new findings on the rates of lactate removal and oxygen usage recovery in top-level sprinters by combining longer data collection periods and a two-stage mathematical analysis. These findings may suggest implementing more tailored recovery plans in sprint training and contribute to the increasing acknowledgment of VO2 kinetics as an indicator of both performance and physical durability.
Investigation of activity level, sitting time and quality of life in adult individuals: a case study in Antalya province
(JPMS Publ, 2026) Pınar, Yeliz; Göçmen, Recep; Pınar, Salih
Background: The aim of this study was to assess physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and quality of life in adults by gender and activity level. Methods: A total of 257 female and 415 males participated in the study. Height, weight, physical activity and sedentary behaviour (sitting time) were measured using the IPAQ questionnaire and the SF-36 quality of life scale. Normality tests, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis and Tamhane's T2 tests were used to compare results by gender and activity level, and Spearman's correlation was used for variable relationships. Results: Female were shorter, lighter and had a lower BMI than male, who had less sitting time and higher weekly MET activity scores. Male scored higher in physical functioning (PF) and role emotional (RE) on the SF-36, whereas female had better mental health (MH) scores. Female were more likely to engage in moderate-intensity activities, while male preferred high-intensity activities. Significant differences in age, BMI and sitting time were observed between activity levels for both sexes. Conclusion: Differences in SF-36 scores and sitting time suggest that male's physical roles and societal expectations contribute to higher PF and RE scores, whereas female's mental health benefits may have related to their use of emotion regulation strategies. Female's higher intensity activity was also correlated with fewer emotional problems and better general health. Overall, regular physical activity, even at lower intensity levels, has a positive effect on emotional wellbeing by reducing the risk of stress, depression and anxiety.
Assessing lactate stability at the minimum lactate steady state velocity in male trained middle-distance runners
(Public Library of Science, 2026) Shahidi, Seyed Houtan
Objectives This study investigated the physiological behavior of the running velocity associated with the Minimum Lactate Steady State (vMLaSS), derived from a 6×800-m interval protocol, and examined whether this intensity produced stable metabolic and lactate responses during a 30-minute constant-load validation run in trained endurance runners. Methods Fifteen trained male middle- and long-distance runners completed a graded treadmill test to determine maximal oxygen uptake. Following a supramaximal sprint to induce hyperlactatemia, each athlete performed a 30-minute constant-load run at a velocity derived from the lactate-minimum approach. Following a supramaximal sprint to induce hyperlactatemia, each athlete performed a 30-minute constant-speed run at their individually determined MLaSS velocity. Blood lactate samples were collected at 10-minute intervals, and breath-by-breath cardiopulmonary variables were continuously recorded. Lactate kinetics were analyzed using a Friedman test with Wilcoxon signed-rank post-hoc comparisons (p<0.05). Results Blood lactate exhibited significant time-dependent fluctuations during the 30-minute trial (Friedman χ2 (3) = 28.72, p<0.001). Lactate increased sharply by minute 10, declined at minute 20, and rose again at minute 30, exceeding the classical MLSS criterion of ≤1 mmol·L-1 change during the final 20 minutes. In contrast, cardiopulmonary variables remained stable throughout VȮ2 (3.43±0.11 L·min-1; p=0.86) and VĊO2 (3.21±0.14 L·min-1; p=0.91). Carbohydrate oxidation predominated (214.5±19.3 g·h-1), whereas fat oxidation remained minimal (–0.9±2.7 g·h-1). Conclusion Despite stable cardiorespiratory and substrate-utilization profiles, the significant variability in blood lactate concentration during the 30-minute constant-load run indicates that the running velocity derived from the lactate-minimum approach did not elicit a lactate steady state in this trained cohort. These findings suggest that physiological responses at the MLaSS-derived intensity may differ from classical steady-state expectations in highly trained endurance runners and highlight the need for direct MLSS verification in future studies.
Enhancing treatment outcomes for spastic equinus foot in children with cerebral palsy: a multimodal approach including extracorporeal shock wave therapy
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2026) Dursun, Nigar; Gökbel, Tuğba; Kadıoğlu, Mustafa; Akarsu, Melike; Çekmece, Çiğdem; Karacan Şimşek, Çağla
Introduction: Spastic plantar flexion deformities are very common in children with cerebral palsy (CP). These deformities usually involve spasticity of the plantar muscle complex, weakness of the antagonist dorsiflexor muscles, and, often, soft tissue/muscle contractures, requiring a multimodal treatment approach. Physical therapy (PT), serial casting (SC), and botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) injections have shown positive results in managing these deformities.
Assessing aerobic and anaerobic thresholds with emphasis on isocapnic buffering in endurance runners
(Western Kentucky University, 2025) Fathi, Yahya Mudhafar; Shahidi, Seyed Houtan; Alhusaen Aga, Mohamed Twfeq Othman
Accurate determination of metabolic thresholds is essential for designing effective endurance training. This study aimed to apply a multi-visit Step–Ramp–Step (SRS) protocol to identify aerobic (VT1) and anaerobic (VT2/RCP) thresholds in trained endurance runners, with a particular focus on delineating the isocapnic buffering region—the ventilatory phase between VT1 and VT2 where carbon dioxide (PetCO₂) remains stable despite rising ventilation. Twelve trained male runners (mean age: 27.1 ± 1.9 years; VO₂max: 60.5 ± 2.1 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹) completed the SRS protocol across separate lab visits. Each session included a 4-minute moderate-intensity phase, a progressive ramp to volitional exhaustion, and a 4-minute heavy-intensity step following a 30-minute recovery. Breath-by-breath gas exchange data (VO₂, VCO₂, VE, RER, PetO₂, PetCO₂) were analyzed using 20-second smoothing. Results showed that VT1 and RCP occurred at 73.2 ± 4.1% and 89.6 ± 3.8% of VO₂max, respectively. The isocapnic buffering zone spanned ~16.4% of the VO₂max range. Unlike previous SRS studies focused on cycling, this study uniquely applies the protocol to running and specifically quantifies the buffering region. These findings support the use of SRS running protocols for efficient, individualized assessment of metabolic transitions in endurance athletes.
Evaluation of the relationship between musculoskeletal problems and cognitive disorders in alzheimer's patients
(2025) Gökçek, Özden; Argalı Deniz, Mine; Doğru Hüzmeli, Esra; Başer, Miray; Türkeli, Ferve; Katayıfçı, Nihan; Öz, Fatma; Kus, Kader; Yılmaz, Tuğba; Yılmaz, Oğuzhan; Melek, İsmet Murat
Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate musculoskeletal problems and cognitive disorders that may be seen in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to determine the interaction between these problems. Material and Methods Twenty-fve individuals diagnosed with AD by a neurologist were included in the study. The participants' demographic data was recorded, a posture analysis was performed, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Barthel Index (BI), and Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) were applied. Results Posture analyses revealed anterior head tilt in 76%, shoulder protraction in 76%, collapsed chest type in 8%, increased thoracic kyphosis in 84%, genu varum in 12%, and hallux valgus in 32%. There was a signifcant correlation between the MMSE results of the individuals and the results of BI and GDS (p=0.024 and p=0.002). In addition, it was determined that the dependency levels in BI increased signifcantly as the stages of the GDS increased (p=0.008). At the same time, there was no signifcant relationship between the education status and the stages of the GDS. Conclusion Musculoskeletal disorders are likely to develop in individuals with AD experiencing dementia and complete functional dependence. Therefore, promoting physiotherapy practices along with medical treatment is important to improve functional dependence and cognitive impairment.
Age-related reduction in oxygen uptake and ventilatory markers among middle-aged adults
(Edizioni Minerva Medica, 2025) Amer Radhi, Mohammed; Shahidi, Seyed Houtan; Çatak, Tuba; Alhusaen Aga, Mohamed T.
BACKGROUND: The objective of this research was to investigate age-related variations in crucial physiological indicators such as relative and absolute VO2, aerobic and anaerobic thresholds, and ventilatory dynamics (VT1 and VT2), across six decades of adulthood, specifically spanning from 20 to 60 years. The objective of this study was to measure the extent to which these markers decrease with age and to assess their possible health consequences. METHODS: The study involved 50 individuals who were divided into four distinct age brackets: 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, and 50-60 years. Physiological data were examined using a combination of parametric statistical tests (ANOVA, Tukey honest significant difference [HSD]) and nonparametric techniques (Kruskal-Wallis). Trends in VO2, threshold behavior, and ventilatory responses were assessed using effect sizes, stepwise comparisons, biexponential modeling, and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: The results show a substantial decrease in relative VO2 with increasing age, demonstrating a significant decline (P<0.001) that corresponds to a medium effect size (η²=0.213) and a notable reduction of 35% between the youngest and oldest groups. Participants over the age reached ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) at lower oxygen usage levels, suggesting decreased aerobic capacity. Absolute VO2 and threshold values declined, but only relative VO2 and weight differences demonstrated statistically significant changes. CONCLUSIONS: Research indicates a significant decrease in cardiovascular and respiratory capacity as people age, notably in relative VO2 and ventilatory thresholds, resulting in the onset of fatigue at an earlier stage and a reduction in an individual’s ability to exercise. Early intervention through tailored aerobic training is crucial for countering performance degradation and decreasing cardiometabolic risk in older individuals, as highlighted by these physiological changes.
Are Turkish pre-service teachers worried about AI? A study on AI anxiety and digital literacy
(Springer, 2025) Ayduğ, Damla; Altınpulluk, Hakan
The primary objective of this study is to determine whether the level of digital literacy among pre-service teachers reliably correlates with their anxiety levels concerning artificial intelligence. The study was conducted as a correlational study, with a sample size of 221 pre-service teachers. The study's population comprised 3922 pre-service teachers enrolled at Turkish state and private universities. To collect study data, the researchers used the "Personal Information Form," "Digital Literacy Scale," and "Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale." The data were analyzed using stepwise regression analysis and descriptive statistics. The study's results indicated that pre-service teachers exhibited high levels of digital literacy and moderate degrees of anxiety regarding artificial intelligence. Regression analysis revealed that 10.3% of pre-service teachers' anxiety concerning artificial intelligence could be predicted by the technical sub-dimension of digital literacy. Consequently, it was demonstrated that pre-service teachers' apprehensions regarding artificial intelligence decreased as their perception of technical digital fluency increased. Other sub-dimensions of digital literacy were deemed insignificant in predicting the anxiety levels of pre-service teachers regarding artificial intelligence. Based on these findings, suggestions for future study directions were proposed.
The effect of differently designed small-sided games in soccer on physical and physiological parameters
(Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Health Sciences, 2025) Tutar, Murat
Purpose: There are very few studies investigating the effects of field size on soccer-specific small-sided games. The aim of this study was to compare the physiological and performance effects of game-based training models (small-sided games versus large-sided games) using different training variables (intensity, volume and rest) for 8 weeks in soccer. Material and Methods: A group of 28 male soccer players was randomly divided into two groups: a small-sided game (SSG) (Age 18.80 +/- 0.42) and a large-sided game (LSG) (Age 17.82 +/- 0.72). The groups practiced endurance training 2 days a week for 8 weeks. Before and after the training cycle, y-balance test, 30 m sprint tests; 30-15 intermittent fitness test (IFT); T-agility test values were measured. Results: When the pre-test and post-test data are compared significant main effect of the IFT; F(1.24) = 44.68, p = < .001, (eta p2 = 0.651), T-test F(1.24) = 16.72, (p = < .001, eta p2 = 0.411) and RPE F(1.24) = 7.32, (p = 0.012, eta p2 = 0.234) values. Agility and sprint performance data showed a statistically significant difference in SSG group agility and sprint performance (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Both interventions improved soccer players' balance, linear sprint, intermittent fitness levels and estimated maximal oxygen uptake. In particular, large-side games improved intermittent fitness and estimated maximal oxygen uptake better than small-sided games, while SSG showed a higher positive effect on sprint and agility performances. These findings suggest that manipulating the field size of narrow field games would be the right approach to respond to athlete-specific requirements.
Acute sprint performance responses to velocity-based versus traditional post activation performance enhancement interventions
(Public Library of Science, 2025) Tutar, Murat; Genç, Sümeyye; Çağlayan, Atakan; Günay, Erkan
The aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of velocity-based training (VBT), traditional strength training (TSG) and a non- strength control condition (CG) on sprint performance in trained individuals. In Session 1, anthropometric measurements of the participants were taken, and then 1 repetition maximum (1RM) squat values were determined after explanation, visual demonstration and familiarization of the sprint test and VBT method. In the second session, all participants performed a sprint test for the control condition. In the third session, participants completed the post activation performance enhancement (PAPE) protocol specific to their group after a standard warm-up and then performed sprint tests. In the 0–10 m distance, only the group×time interaction was significant (p=.014); a performance decrease (p=.016) was observed in the TSG group. In the 0–20 m sprint, time (p<.001), group (p=.043), and interaction (p=.003) effects were significant, and a significant performance increase was found in the VBT and TSG groups (p<.001). In the 0–30 m sprint, group (p=.015) and interaction (p<.001) effects were significant; an improvement was observed in the VBT group (p<.001) and a decrease in the TSG group (p=.039). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the VBT protocol produced a more noticeable acute improvement in sprint performance compared to TSG, even when applied with the same load absolute.
Be more active with traditional games: traditional review
(Türkiye Klinikleri Publishing House, 2024) Hassani, Fahimeh; Afazeli, Zahra
Traditional games are one of the cultural heritages of our ancestors that have existed since ancient times and have been passed down through generations via oral, auditory, or visual means to the younger generation. These games involve gross and fine motor skills that are performed in groups and include various types such as ball games, jumping games, and running games that require physical movement and activity. These games are enjoyable and challenging physical activities that can serve as a way to entertain, relax, and strengthen useful physical factors. Through playing, children gain learning experiences that include cognitive, linguistic, social, emo- tional, and physical aspects, which encompass a concept called phys- ical literacy. Physical literacy is a capacity within humans that can grow and develop into abilities. Individuals with physical literacy move with skill and confidence across a wide range of physical activ- ities in various environments, which is useful for the overall growth of the individual. Research results indicate that indigenous-local games can have significant positive effects on physical literacy and its com- ponents and can be used as one of the methods to increase individuals’ physical literacy. These games can improve fundamental motor skills, movement proficiency, and coordination and interaction abilities be- tween individuals. Additionally, these games can also improve moti- vation, self-confidence, knowledge, and understanding. This research can be the first step in investigating traditional games. We are looking to continue this research and investigate the impact of these games on physical literacy.
Evaluating entrepreneurship through a resource-based multi-criteria decision-making model
(Istanbul University, 2024) Utlu, Nilay; Ayduğ, Damla
Nowadays, it has become increasingly important for businesses that want to have a sustainable competitive advantage to engage in entrepreneurial activities by using business resources because of changing environmental conditions and increasing competition intensity. This research develops a decision-making model by analyzing the factors influencing entrepreneurial success through a resource-based approach. The resource-based approach to entrepreneurship of Alvarez and Busenitz (2001) is based on financial, social, and human capital factors. According to this approach, financial capital includes initial investments and access to financial resources; social capital includes networks, trust, and shared vision; and human capital includes education and experience. The SWARA method, a multi-criteria decision-making method, was used. Financial, social, and human capital criteria, which are effective for entrepreneurial success, were prioritized because of the answers given by experts using the SWARA method. As a result of the research, it was found that the most important criteria affecting entrepreneurial success with a resource-based approach is experience, followed by shared vision, networks, access to finance, education, initial investment, and trust.
Investigation of the effect of Capoeira dance education on the dance self-efficacy, happiness and self-confidence levels of disadvantaged children between the ages of 7-13
(Ozsum Academic Publishing, 2025) Duran, Bülent; Can Akkaya, Cemre; Tan, Hakan; Yavuz, Alişan; Akkaya Boyraz, Defne Ezgi
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of 8-week capoeira-based physical activity training given to children under the care of Social Services on their dance self-efficacy, happiness, and self-confidence levels. 12 boys and 15 girls, under protection at Kassel Street Yahya Kaptan and Çayırova Children's Homes affiliated with the Kocaeli Provincial Directorate of Family, Labor and Social Services, voluntarily participated. Capoeira training was conducted 1.5 hours a day, 2 days a week for 8 weeks, consisting of rhythmic movements and basic ginga patterns. Dance self-efficacy, self-confidence, and happiness scales were applied before and after the training. The data were evaluated statistically using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. A statistically significant difference was found only in the dance self-efficacy scores (p<0.05), while no significant difference was found for self-confidence and happiness (p>0.05). As a result, it was concluded that capoeira-based rhythmic movement activities positively affect children's perceived competence in dance, although no change was observed in their overall happiness or self-confidence levels.
ISO 45001 iş sağlığı ve güvenliği yönetim sisteminin eğitim kurumlarında uygulanmasının etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi
(Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, 2025) Dolgunyürek, Osman; Ada, Sefer
Günümüzde yüz yüze eğitim, öğrencinin sosyalleşmesi ve aktif katılımını teşvik etmek amacıyla belirli standartlara uygun fiziksel mekânlarda gerçekleşmektedir. Bu nedenle, sağlıklı ve güvenli eğitim ortamlarının oluşturulması, etkili bir eğitim öğretim süreci için önemlidir. Bu çalışma, ISO 45001 İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Yönetim Sistemi›nin (İSGYS) eğitim kurumlarında uygulanmasını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma nitel araştırma modelinde tasarlanmış, içerik analizi yöntemiyle yürütülmüştür. Yarı-yapılandırılmış 7 sorudan oluşan online formu ile veriler toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini, ISO 45001 İSGYS baş tetkikçisi olan 45 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, Tetkikçilerin büyük bir kısmı, sistemin iş sağlığı ve güvenliği farkındalığını artırmada etkili olduğunu, çalışanların ihtiyaç ve beklentilerinin karşılandığını ifade etmiştir. Bununla birlikte, bazı tetkikçiler, İSG politikalarının bazı alanlarda yetersiz kaldığını ve bu alanlarda iyileştirmeye ihtiyaç olduğunu belirtmiştir. ISO 45001 standardının yasal uyum çerçevesinde genellikle etkin olduğu, ancak bazı durumlarda sınırlı bir etki gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, uygulamanın etkinliğinin okul veya kurum türüne göre farklılık gösterebileceği ve bu nedenle belirli alanlarda özelleştirilmiş yaklaşımların gerekli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
The effect of traditional and suspension strength training on motor skill development in regular exercisers
(2025) Çağlayansudur, Orçun; Tutar, Murat; Yol Pehlivan, Yeliz; Bal, Erdal; Çağlayan, Atakan; Sunay, Hakan
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of conventional and suspension strength training on selected motoric skills in individuals who exercise regularly. A total of 30 men with a mean age of 36.53 years participated in the study voluntarily. The participants were divided into two groups as traditional strength group (TSG, n=15) and suspension strength group (SSG, n=15). Height, body weight, body mass, push-up, sit-up, plank, CMJ, y-balance and 1TM strength tests were performed before and after two different 8-week strength training programmes. The data were analysed using SPSS 26 package programme. After the normality assumption test, since the data showed normal distribution, Paired Samples T Test was used in the comparison of two dependent groups. As a result of the analyses, a statistically significant difference was found in BMI, push-ups, sit-ups, CMJ, bench press and squat 1TM values (p>0.05). A statistically significant difference was found in BMI, push-ups, sit-ups, plank, balance right and left foot, bench press and squat 1RM values (p>0,05). In the posttest comparison between the groups, a significant difference was observed only in the plank test (p>0.05). As a result of the study, it was determined that strength exercises (push-ups, squats, and sit-ups) applied on non-fixed surfaces showed more improvement than traditional strength training, although not statistically significant. In plank performance, there was an improvement in favour of the SKG group.
Anthropometric measurements and somatotype determination in adult climbers
(2025) Başlı, Murat; Tutar, Murat
The aim of this study was to compare the anthropometric measurement parameters and to determine the body somatotype of mountaineering athletes and Alpine style climbers. The sample of the study consisted of 40 men who were actively mountaineering athletes, climbing Alpine style, with an average age of 27.05±2.89 years. Age, height, body weight, skinfold thickness, circumference and diameter measurements were taken. SPSS 29.0 package programme was used to analyse the data and Independent Samples T-Test was used. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the climbers participating in the study had normal body mass index (24.59±2.12), normal body fat percentage (13.10±4.42) and mesomorphic endomorph (4.70-5.39-1.98) characteristics. As a result of the T-Test, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the endomorphic (t=5,31; p<.001), mesomorphic (t=8,57; p<.001) and ectomorphic (t=-8,60; p<.001) charac-teristics of the climbers. Conclusions: It was determined that Alpine climbers exhibited the characteristics of mesomorphic endomorph body structure, had normal fat percentage and body mass index, while the 4-4-3 Balanced Somatotype evaluation of Alpine climbers changed to 5-5-2 Mesomorphic - Endomorphic feature according to previous studies in terms of somatotype characteristics.
The level of academic identities of faculty members predicting their organizational trust
(Springer Singapore, 2025) Ayduğ, Damla
The main aim of this study is to examine whether academic identities of the faculty members are statistically significant predictor on their organizational trust. The population of the study, which was designed as a correlational study, consisted of 37,868 faculty members working in state universities in Central Anatolia region. The sample of the study consisted of 396 faculty members which were selected via cluster sampling method. Data of the study were collected via “Personal Information Form, Academic Identity Scale and Organizational Trust Scale”. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and stepwise regression analysis. According to results of the study, faculty members’ opinions on academic identity and organizational trust are high. According to the regression analysis, it was determined that personal identity and values dimensions of academic identity predict about %16.7 of faculty members’ organizational trust levels. Accordingly, it was found that as the perceptions of faculty members regarding the dimensions of personal identity and values increased, their organizational trust levels also increased. It was determined that the social identity variable did not predict the organizational trust levels of the faculty members. It can be stated that in order to increase the organizational trust levels of academic staff, some measures should be taken to increase the individual identity dimension among the academic identity sub-dimensions. For this purpose, it can be suggested to organize activities such as workshops, interdisciplinary sharing meetings, global learning networks that will encourage activities such as curiosity, motivation to learn and critical thinking.
Exploring physical literacy: insights from physical education teachers in Turkey on physical activity and curriculum practices for students with autism spectrum disorder-a brief study based on interviews
(Springernature, 2025) Hassani, Fahimeh; Aydın, Emre
The purpose of this study is to explore and deepen the understanding of physical literacy (PL) among physical education (PE) teachers in Turkey, with a specific focus on its application for students with special needs, particularly those with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The research seeks to contribute to the broader discussion on PL, emphasizing its role in fostering inclusive educational environments. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 8 physical education teachers (5 female, 3 male) who work with children with special needs in Turkey. A purposive sampling method was employed, ensuring a diverse group of teachers with varying years of experience and specific expertise in working with students with ASD. The interviews, which were audio-recorded and transcribed, aimed to capture teachers' knowledge and practical application of PL, exploring areas such as program design, teaching strategies, and the impact of PE on student engagement. Data analysis was conducted using NVivo software, allowing for thematic coding and identification of recurring patterns. The results revealed that while teachers recognized the importance of individualized, inclusive PL programs, gaps remain in teacher training, the use of standardized assessment tools, and access to resources. The study highlights the need for professional development and better infrastructure to support the effective implementation of PL for children with special needs. The findings suggest that enhancing teacher knowledge and providing the necessary resources will help create more inclusive, adaptable PE programs that align with the principles of PL.

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