Symphytum Species: A Comprehensive Review on Chemical Composition, Food Applications and Phytopharmacology
dc.authorid | Sharifi-Rad, Javad/0000-0002-7301-8151 | |
dc.authorid | Kasapoglu, Kadriye Nur/0000-0001-6070-4948 | |
dc.authorid | Ezzat, Shahira/0000-0003-2232-7357 | |
dc.authorid | Bostan, Cristian/0000-0002-7549-9454 | |
dc.authorid | Azzini, Elena/0000-0002-1971-1668 | |
dc.authorid | Cho, William C./0000-0003-4174-4586 | |
dc.authorid | IOAN, SARAC/0000-0002-1141-2102 | |
dc.authorwosid | Sharifi-Rad, Javad/D-5747-2016 | |
dc.authorwosid | Kasapoglu, Kadriye Nur/ABD-7060-2020 | |
dc.authorwosid | Sarac, Ioan/AAD-8598-2019 | |
dc.authorwosid | Ezzat, Shahira/AAJ-3122-2021 | |
dc.authorwosid | Bostan, Cristian/W-2739-2018 | |
dc.authorwosid | Azzini, Elena/AAI-9125-2021 | |
dc.authorwosid | Cho, William C./H-7429-2019 | |
dc.contributor.author | Salehi, Bahare | |
dc.contributor.author | Sharopov, Farukh | |
dc.contributor.author | Tumer, Tugba Boyunegmez | |
dc.contributor.author | Ozleyen, Adem | |
dc.contributor.author | Rodriguez-Perez, Celia | |
dc.contributor.author | Ezzat, Shahira M. | |
dc.contributor.author | Azzini, Elena | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2024-06-13T20:18:33Z | |
dc.date.available | 2024-06-13T20:18:33Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2019 | |
dc.department | İstanbul Gedik Üniversitesi | |
dc.description.abstract | Symphytum species belongs to the Boraginaceae family and have been used for centuries for bone breakages, sprains and rheumatism, liver problems, gastritis, ulcers, skin problems, joint pain and contusions, wounds, gout, hematomas and thrombophlebitis. Considering the innumerable potentialities of the Symphytum species and their widespread use in the world, it is extremely important to provide data compiling the available literature to identify the areas of intense research and the main gaps in order to design future studies. The present review aims at summarizing the main data on the therapeutic indications of the Symphytum species based on the current evidence, also emphasizing data on both the efficacy and adverse effects. The present review was carried out by consulting PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Database, Science Direct and Google Scholar (as a search engine) databases to retrieve the most updated articles on this topic. All articles were carefully analyzed by the authors to assess their strengths and weaknesses, and to select the most useful ones for the purpose of review, prioritizing articles published from 1956 to 2018. The pharmacological effects of the Symphytum species are attributed to several chemical compounds, among them allantoin, phenolic compounds, glycopeptides, polysaccharides and some toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Not less important to highlight are the risks associated with its use. In fact, there is increasing consumption of over-the-counter drugs, which when associated with conventional drugs can cause serious and even fatal adverse events. Although clinical trials sustain the folk topical application of Symphytum species in musculoskeletal and blunt injuries, with minor adverse effects, its antimicrobial potency was still poorly investigated. Further studies are needed to assess the antimicrobial spectrum of Symphytum species and to characterize the active molecules both in vitro and in vivo. | |
dc.description.sponsorship | Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-Portugal) [UID/BIM/04293/2013]; NORTE2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte [NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012] | |
dc.description.sponsorship | N.M. would like to thank the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-Portugal) for the Strategic project ref. UID/BIM/04293/2013 and NORTE2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012). | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.3390/molecules24122272 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1420-3049 | |
dc.identifier.issue | 12 | |
dc.identifier.pmid | 31216776 | |
dc.identifier.scopus | 2-s2.0-85068431278 | |
dc.identifier.scopusquality | Q1 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24122272 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/11501/1434 | |
dc.identifier.volume | 24 | |
dc.identifier.wos | WOS:000473816900078 | |
dc.identifier.wosquality | Q2 | |
dc.indekslendigikaynak | Web of Science | |
dc.indekslendigikaynak | Scopus | |
dc.indekslendigikaynak | PubMed | |
dc.language.iso | en | |
dc.publisher | Mdpi | |
dc.relation.ispartof | Molecules | |
dc.relation.publicationcategory | Makale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı | |
dc.rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
dc.subject | Symphytum Species | |
dc.subject | Phytochemistry | |
dc.subject | Biological Activity | |
dc.subject | Clinical Trials | |
dc.subject | Herb Extract Cream | |
dc.subject | Biologically-Active Polymer | |
dc.subject | X-Uplandicum Nyman | |
dc.subject | Comfrey Root | |
dc.subject | Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids | |
dc.subject | Officinale L. | |
dc.subject | Double-Blind | |
dc.subject | Antimicrobial Activity | |
dc.subject | Antioxidant Activity | |
dc.subject | N-Oxides | |
dc.title | Symphytum Species: A Comprehensive Review on Chemical Composition, Food Applications and Phytopharmacology | |
dc.type | Review Article |