Mechanical and ballistic performance of high-hardness armor steels welded with ASS-LHF sandwich joint design

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dc.contributor.authorGürol, Uğur
dc.contributor.authorÇelik, Ceren
dc.contributor.authorÇoban, Ozan
dc.contributor.authorGöçmen, Müesser
dc.contributor.authorKoçak, Mustafa
dc.date.accessioned2024-12-19T07:00:31Z
dc.date.available2024-12-19T07:00:31Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentFakülteler, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Metalurji ve Malzeme Mühendisliği Bölümü
dc.departmentFakülteler, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü
dc.departmentMeslek Yüksekokulu, Gedik Meslek Yüksekokulu, Kaynak Teknolojisi Programı
dc.departmentRektörlük, Kaynak Teknolojisi Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi
dc.description.abstractArmor steels are widely recognized for their exceptional mechanical and ballistic performance, particularly in the fabrication of armored vehicles. Austenitic stainless steel (ASS) wires are commonly used in their welding processes to mitigate hydrogen-induced cracking. However, joints formed using ASS often suffer from reduced ballistic performance due to the strength mismatch (undermatching) compared to the base material. This study explores the application of butt joints, integrating low hydrogen ferritic (LHF) deposits between softer ASS weld layers, which can be expressed as sandwich layer design, in gas metal arc welded (GMAW) armor steel plates. The mechanical properties were evaluated through hardness, tensile, and Charpy V-notch impact tests. Ballistics test performances were measured using depth of penetration (DoP) and width of penetration (WoP) values. The microstructural analysis utilized stereo, optical, and scanning electron microscopes. The results demonstrated that the sandwich joint configuration met the Charpy-V impact toughness requirements of the base metal, achieving 31.4 J and 65 J at −40 °C for the WM and HAZ regions, respectively, compared to 20 J for the base material. Moreover, this innovative joint design effectively combined the high toughness and ductility of austenitic wire, reaching a low DoP value of 7.2 mm, with the superior strength of ferritic filler metal, which contributes to a low WoP value of 12.5 mm and a joint efficiency of 48 %. By combining these properties, the joint design significantly enhances ballistic performance in welded regions, traditionally considered vulnerable to ballistic threats, without compromising overall mechanical integrity.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.111209
dc.identifier.issn2352-4928
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85211054132
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.111209
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11501/1579
dc.identifier.volume42
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001374566300001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.institutionauthorGürol, Uğur
dc.institutionauthorÇelik, Ceren
dc.institutionauthorÇoban, Ozan
dc.institutionauthorGöçmen, Müesser
dc.institutionauthorKoçak, Mustafa
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0002-3205-7226
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0002-6449-739X
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0002-1506-4619
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0002-9074-6193
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0001-9193-7277
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0003-4520-9839
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofMaterials Today Communications
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.relation.tubitakinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/TUBITAK/SOBAG/5210029
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subjectGas Metal Arc Welding
dc.subjectHigh Strength
dc.subjectLow Alloy Steel
dc.subjectMechanical Properties
dc.subjectMicrostructure
dc.subjectSandwich Joint
dc.subjectStrength Undermatching
dc.titleMechanical and ballistic performance of high-hardness armor steels welded with ASS-LHF sandwich joint design
dc.typeArticle

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