Characterization of fillet welded armor steel performed by robotic gas metal arc welding: effect of heat input on microstructure and microhardness

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dc.contributor.authorÇoban, Ozan
dc.contributor.authorKaymak, Fatih
dc.contributor.authorGürol, Uğur
dc.contributor.authorKoçak, Mustafa
dc.date.accessioned2024-06-13T20:17:51Z
dc.date.available2024-06-13T20:17:51Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentMeslek Yüksekokulu, Gedik Meslek Yüksekokulu, Kaynak Teknolojisi Programı
dc.departmentRektörlük, Kaynak Teknolojisi Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi
dc.departmentFakülteler, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Metalurji ve Malzeme Mühendisliği Bölümü
dc.departmentFakülteler, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Mekatronik Mühendisliği Bölümü
dc.description.abstractIn this research, fillet welding was conducted on 8-mm thick Miilux OY Protection 600 (MIL-A-46100) armor steel using AWS A5.9 GeKa ER307 austenitic filler wire. The welding process involved robotic MIG/MAG with five different heat inputs ranging from 0.3 to 1.2 kJ/mm. The study focused on examining the influence of heat input on the microstructure, elemental changes, microhardness, and dimensions of the weld metal and the heat-affected zone (HAZ). These investigations were conducted to determine the welding parameters that they satisfy the quality requirements of the MIL-STD-1185 standard for this steel grade and weld consumable. Through analysis of macrostructure, microstructure, and microhardness, it was observed that increasing the heat input led to a decrease in hardness for both the weld metal and the HAZ, while expanding the HAZ width. The weld metal exhibited a homogenous hardness distribution at lower and higher heat inputs, but hardness increased from the root to the face for both heat inputs of 0.5 and 0.7 kJ/mm welds. Notably, a significant decrease in hardness occurred in the transition of partial transformation region (intercritical HAZ) and tempering region (subcritical HAZ) for heat inputs above 0.7 kJ/mm, indicating softening. Moreover, the width of the subcritical heat-affected zone substantially increased. Evaluation of the distance required to reach base metal hardness from the welding toe revealed that a heat input of 1.2 kJ/mm exceeded the maximum requirement of 15.9 mm according to the MIL-STD-1185 standard. However, the requirements of the military standard were satisfied for other heat input values. These findings were associated with microstructural changes in grain size, martensite, bainite, martensite/austenite morphology and their fractions, as well as delta ferrite morphology. The results successfully demonstrated that robotic GMAW welding can be applied using lower strength (undermatched) filler metal to satisfy the requirements of the respective standard of MIL-STD-1185.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s11665-023-09058-y
dc.identifier.endpage244
dc.identifier.issn1059-9495
dc.identifier.issn1544-1024
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85180705083
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.startpage231
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-023-09058-y
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11501/1113
dc.identifier.volume34
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001131653000011
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.institutionauthorÇoban, Ozan
dc.institutionauthorKaymak, Fatih
dc.institutionauthorGürol, Uğur
dc.institutionauthorKoçak, Mustafa
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0002-1506-4619
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0002-3205-7226
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0001-9193-7277
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Materials Engineering and Performance
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.relation.tubitakinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/TUBITAK/SOBAG/TUBITAK-1505
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subjectAustenitic Filler Metal
dc.subjectGas Metal Arc Welding
dc.subjectHeat Input
dc.subjectHsla Steel
dc.subjectMicrostructure
dc.titleCharacterization of fillet welded armor steel performed by robotic gas metal arc welding: effect of heat input on microstructure and microhardness
dc.typeArticle

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